Quiz Reflection and Review

1. Quiz Reflection and Review Reflect on exactly what you did to prepare for your quiz. Be honest! Then, answer the following: • Who are the founding fathers? • What form of government do we have in the U.S.? • What form of government did we have in the 13 colonies? • Why do we have government? • What are reservations? As in…”I have reservations about letting you go to Pier Park alone.” • What is a monarchy? • What is an oligarchy? • Why did the colonists argue for independence?

2. Hey King, Get Off Our Backs! What led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence?

3. What led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence? • Lesson Goal: Describe how English policies and responses to colonial concerns led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. _____I can trace the relationships between English/British policies, English responses to colonial grievances, and the writing of the Declaration of Independence. _____I can recognize the underlying themes of English colonial policies concerning taxation, representation, and individual rights that formed the basis of the American colonists’ desire for independence.

5. Primary Source Analysis: • What do you think is going on in this engraving? What is the issue on which it is focusing? How do you know? • This is a depiction of the Boston Massacre in 1770. The Boston Massacre occurred when a large crowd of colonists crowded around and harassed English soldiers. In response, the soldiers fired their guns into the crowd killing five people and injuring six.

6. Too Late To Apologize What is this video depicting? How do you know? Did any images or lyrics stand out to you? What questions do you have after watching this video? Do you think the painting might be connected to the video in some way? How?

7. Halfway across the globe And we're standing on new ground Screaming 'cross the waves You can't hear a sound There's no fair trials, no trade, no liberties No tea We've colonized America; we won't stand for tyranny, Oh king And it's too late to apologize It's too late I said it's too late to apologize It's too late We've paid your foolish tax, read the acts And they just won't do We want to make it clear, we believe this much is true All men were created with certain Unalienable rights Among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit Of happiness And it's too late to apologize It's too late I said It's too late to apologize It's too late It's too late to apologize It's too late I said it's too late apologize It's too late I said it's too late to apologize, yeah It's too late I said it's too late to apologize, yeah Halfway across the globe And we're standing on new ground

8. Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration • The final image in the video is of the Declaration of Independence. • Do we understand what led up to the writing of this document? • What do we think we know? What else do we need to know? • Jot your ideas down.

9. What led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence? • We will be investigating the background information on the relationship between England and the colonists. • Using your “Hey King! Get off our Backs” article, mark up the text that shows the relationship between England and the colonists. • Write a summary statement in the box marked: Background Information.

10. Hey King! Get Off Our Backs Summary Statement! • The colonists sailed to America from England. In England, there was a king and a Parliament. Parliament made laws and stood up for peoples’ rights. In America, the colonists needed some kind of government to deal with everyday problems. Some colonies started to create their own governments, but the king still ruled over all of the colonies. Over time, England spent more time dealing with other issues and the colonies all developed their own governments.

12. The Road to Independence • Look at your “The Road to the Declaration of Independence” reading • How is this text organized? How do you know? • What is the time period that is being covered? • For each year or set of years, summarize the activities of the English and the colonists in separate, complete sentences. • In the third column use a word or phrase to summarize the colonists’ concerns.

15. The Road to Independence • Do you notice that there are some major themes in the colonial concerns column? What are three major things you can see? • The colonial concerns can be grouped into three main concerns: taxation, representation, and individual rights. • Adjust your answers to reflect the three main concerns of taxation, representation, and individual rights.

16. Checking for Understanding: Write a well-crafted informative response using one of the following prompts: Prompt 1: Using what you have learned during this lesson and citing specific examples from the reading, explain the main concerns of the colonists that led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. Prompt 2: In 1963 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote the following statement as part of his Letter in Birmingham Jail: We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Based on what you have learned and citing specific examples the reading and activity sheet, how does this statement relate to the events leading up to the writing of the Declaration of Independence?

17. Using the sample item below, choose the correct response. Then, explain WHY the response is correct and why you eliminated your other responses.

18. What are the ideas and complaints in the Declaration of Independence? Lesson Goal: Analyze the ideas (natural rights, role of the government) and complaints set forth in the Declaration of Independence. _____I can explain the concept of natural rights as expressed in the Declaration of Independence. _____I can identify the natural rights specifically expressed in the Declaration of Independence. _____I can analyze the relationship between natural rights and the role of government. _____I can recognize the connection between specific grievances in the Declaration of Independence and natural rights’ violations. _____I can recognize colonial complaints as identified in the Declaration of Independence

20. Artwork Analysis • John Trumbull painted a presentation of the Declaration of Independence in what is now called Independence Hall in Philadelphia. • The painting features the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence — John Adams, Roger Sherman, Thomas Jefferson (presenting the document), and Benjamin Franklin — standing before John Hancock, the President of the Continental Congress. • This painting currently hangs in the U.S. Capitol. • Define the term “independence”. • What is an example of independence in everyday life?

21. Background Information on the Declaration of Independence • During the Second Continental Congress in 1775, delegates argued over whether to seek independence or remain loyal to Great Britain. Many did not want to seek independence as they feared that this would start a war with Great Britain. Others felt that independence was necessary because King George III was an oppressor who was limiting the colonists’ rights and actions. They felt that Great Britain was becoming a tyranny. • In 1776, Thomas Paine stated that it was “common sense” for the colonies to break away from Great Britain. He said that King George was a “royal brute” and the colonies had every right to sever ties.

22. Background Information on the Declaration of Independence • After many months of debate, more than half of the delegates agreed to declare independence from Great Britain. • Thomas Paine’s writings were very influential in the decision to declare independence. • Thomas Jefferson, the main author, detailed the colonies’ reasons for breaking away with Great Britain. • The document argued that the king did not look after the interests of the colonies anymore. • He listed the grievances, or complaints, that the colonists had towards the crown.

23. Document Analysis: Brainstorm about the document using your questions on the activity sheet to guide your thinking… What questions do you have about this document?

24. Excerpts from the Declaration • We will analyze excerpts of this document in order to understand the colonists’ argument for independence. • What is this about? • Who is “He”? • What is the main issue of this document?”

25. Vocabulary in Context • S.L.A.P. technique: • SAY the word aloud. • LOOK for clues, • ASK what the word might mean and think of another word that may be used to express that meaning • PUT that word in place of the unknown word, does it make sense? Why or why not?

27. Using the sample item below, choose the correct response. Then, explain WHY the response is correct and why you eliminated your other responses.

28. The Declaration of Independence Discussion • “All men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” • Have you heard the phrase life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness before? • Do you think this applies to all people? • How does the text explain this phrase?” • Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are natural rights. • Define the term natural rights in your own words and write it in the discussion section of their activity sheet.

29. The Declaration of Independence Discussion • What is the connection between natural rights and the role of government? • What evidence from the text led you to this conclusion? • You will continue reading the document with your partner in order to answer the questions on the “Primary Source Document Analysis” activity sheet. • How does this information of the Declaration of Independence fit into what else we have learned?

31. A. What is the author’s purpose for writing this document? To declare independence from England and explain the reasons why. B. What evidence helps you understand why it was written? “We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States...” C. How is the concept of “natural rights” discussed in this document? “That all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” People have rights that cannot be denied by any government. D. How are “natural rights” and the government connected? “That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” The role of the government is to protect natural rights. Government gets it power from the people or the public.

32. E. What are some grievances that the colonists express in the document? 1. He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. 2.…He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. 3.… He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers. 4.… He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures. 5… For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: 6.…For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent. 7…For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury F. Which grievances listed violate the colonists “natural rights”? All G. What were the colonists willing to give up by signing this document? And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

33. Checking for Understanding Write a well crafted response to the following prompt on pg. 16 of you notebook. Prompt • Using what you have learned from analyzing the Declaration of Independence, write a well-crafted informative text explaining the relationship between natural rights and the role of government and how the colonists’ complaints are related to the concept of natural rights.