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PS-21

PS-21. Physical Science in the 21st Century First Fall Institute Septber 19, 2010 University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL J. W. Harrell, Stan Jones, Dennis Sunal, Cynthia Sunal, April Nelms WIKI Website: http:// ps21-pd.wikispaces.com

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PS-21

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  1. PS-21 Physical Science in the 21st Century First Fall Institute Septber 19, 2010 University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL J. W. Harrell, Stan Jones, Dennis Sunal, Cynthia Sunal, April Nelms WIKI Website: http://ps21-pd.wikispaces.com PS-21 Partners:Alabama Commission on Higher Education (ACHE), UA College of Education – Science Education; UA College of Arts and Sciences – Physics Department; Office of Research in the Disciplines; and West Alabama County Schools

  2. PS–21 First Institute Day 2010- 2011: Friday, Sept. 17, 2010 Focus: Density, Buoyancy, Pressure University of Alabama, 3408 SEC , Tuscaloosa AL 8:30 am: Registration, Coffee, Agenda, Institute surveys, and Nicenet, Concept Pre-test 9:10-10:30: Concept – 1) Measurement, Mass, Volume, and Density 10:30 – 10:45: Break 10:45 – 11:40: Concept – 2) Buoyancy1 11:40 – 1:00: Lunch 1:00-2:30: Concept –2) Buoyancy2 2:30 – 2:45: Break 2:45 – 4:15: Concept – 3) Pressure, measurement and relating pressure temperature and volume 4:15 – 4:45: Wrap up, Institute surveys, Feedback, PS -21 Institute 2010-11 planning, dates & science topic updates

  3. Today you will receive materials loaned to you to try out in your classroom and apply what you learned at this institute! One set per School: • PASCO Xplorer GLX handheld $329 • High-resolution Force Probe $139 • Ideal Gas Law Apparatus $69 • Absolute Pressure Sensor $90 • Total= $627 +tax +shipping

  4. Materials Agreement Please bring back technology equipment loaned for your classroom use in technology activities at each of our Institute Days. One per School: PASCO Xplorer GLX handheld $329 High-resolution Force Probe $139 Ideal Gas Law Apparatus $69 Absolute Pressure Sensor $90  Total= $627 +tax +shipping These technology materials are being loaned to your classrooms at each school. By accepting these materials you agree to attend all four of institute days held. Please sign: ________________________________________________ Date: ________________________________________________

  5. Websites to Accompany PS-21 Institute Activities Activity 1: Measurement, Mass, Volume, and Density • Density - Ideas for Teaching, Resources for Lesson Plans, and ...www.proteacher.org/c/823_Density.html • Teaching Density | Siyensyasiyensya.com/2008/05/10/teaching-density/ - • How to Teach Density | eHow.comwww.ehow.com › Education › K-12 › K-12 For Educators • Teachers.Net Lesson Plans: Density (Middle, Scienceteachers.net/lessons/posts/116.html • 8th Grade: Density & Buoyancy: Density Concepts and Misconceptstlc.ousd.k12.ca.us/~acody/densitymisc.html • Background on Mass, Weight and Densitywww.physics.ucla.edu/k-6connection/Mass,w,d.htm -

  6. Activity 2: Buoyancy • Sink or Float - Buoyancy Theme - Lesson Plans, Thematic Units ...www.atozteacherstuff.com/.../Sink_or_Float_-_Buoyancy/ • Ideas for teaching buoyancy in the middle years. - Classroom 2.0www.classroom20.com/forum/topics/649749:Topic:159611 • Bridge Ocean Education Teacher Resource Centerwww2.vims.edu/bridge/DATA.cfm?Bridge_Location... • Relating Buoyancyidahoptv.org/ntti/nttilessons/10/99pine.htm • Density, Buoyancy and Convectionserc.carleton.edu › ... › Resource Collections › Teaching Activities • [

  7. Activity 3: Pressure, measurement and relating pressure temperature and volume • Simple Experiments for Teaching Air Pressure—[The Physics Teacher ...link.aip.org/link/?PHTEAH/44/576/1 • Teaching-pressurewww.docstoc.com › • Simple Experiments for Teaching Air Pressureadsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhTea..44..576S - • [PDF] Teaching Activity: Temperature and Pressure Patterns in the ...Troposphere. www.esrl.noaa.gov/.../Temperature%20and%20Pressure%20Patterns%20in%20the%20Troposphe... • Physics: Boyle's Law, school science teacher, middle school scienceen.allexperts.com › Physics • The Science Spot: Science Classroomsciencespot.net/Pages/classchem.html

  8. PS-21 Year long objectives Acquire and demonstrate greater and deeper 21st century content knowledge on key physics concept themes in the physical sciences found in the national and state standards, Acquire and implement in science classrooms effective teaching techniques aimed at facilitating students’ meaningful understanding of physical science content [Science pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)] Use student inquiry labs and interactive approaches to model conceptual themes in the physical sciences Engage in professional development with both science content and pedagogy during the school year through varied venues as a means of maintaining and enhancing practice as highly qualified science teachers.

  9. PS–21 Institute Objectives Experiencing, inquiring, using, and measuring to create meaningful learning of concepts in physical science through three questions: 1. What misconceptions do your students bring to physical science and what should you do about them? 2. What engaging explanations and activities can be used in teaching the concepts? 3. What applications can be used with the concepts to assist application and transfer to the real world?

  10. Physical Science Concepts – Overview of Light and Optics Physical Science Concepts – Overview • Concepts – density, buoyancy and pressure. • PASCO Explorer GLX with pressure sensor • Density, buoyancy and pressure. concepts, application activities, simulations, and materials • Strategies beginning with use of student prior knowledge, concrete experiences, using technology to collect data, simulations, and modeling

  11. ALABAMA COURSE OF STUDY - SCIENCE

  12. Using the LEARNING CYCLE to Plan Lessons EXPLORATION Confront existing knowledge - focus student’s attention Recall and relate previous knowledge in small groups Try out prior knowledge in a new setting INVENTION Reflect on and discuss the results of exploration Use a variety of analogies Provide examples and models Provide closure EXPANSION Provide additional student practice Provide application and transfer skills Provide summary

  13. Group Activity In groups of two complete the tasks below. Review the ideas and materials presented earlier for a single Density, Buoyancy or Pressure concept and create/write 6 station activity cards that when sequenced form a learning/teaching cycle for one of the concepts involved in the topic.

  14. PS–21 Resources: Physical Science Teaching Videos Annenberg Free videos online http://www.learner.org/resources/browse.html • The Missing Link: Essential Concepts for Middle School Math Teachers This video workshop for middle school math teachers covers essential topics missed in most U.S. math curricula. • Physics for the 21st Century A multimedia course for high school physics teachers, undergraduate students, and science enthusiasts; 11 half-hour programs, online text, facilitator's guide, and Web site. • The Science of Teaching Science This video workshop for new and veteran K-8 science teachers inspires them to explore new methods of teaching science. • Teaching High School Science • This video library for high school teachers shows the practice of effective inquiry teaching in the science classroom.

  15. PS–21 Resources: 1. Pathway: Physics Teaching Web Advisory • http://www.physicspathway.org/ • Digital video library for physics teaching at secondary school level • Four expert physics teachers provide expert advice in short scenes through synthetic interviews - Roberta Lang, Paul Hewitt, Chuck Lang, & Leroy Salary

  16. PS–21 Resources: PS-21 Web Site WIKI Website: http://ps21-pd.wikispaces.com Review and updating of use, register additional teachers on it. Requesting for your questions to be posted. Threaded discussions on physical science questions – e.g. projectile motion and other discussions. Requesting a monthly posting (at a minimum) to a discussion board on Wiki Spaces.com.

  17. PS–21 Resources: PS Resource Center URL Physical Sciences Resource Center • http://www.compadre.org/psrc/ Browse the PSRC by Subject: • - Astronomy • - Education Practices • - Electricity & Magnetism • - General Physics • - Modern Physics • - Optics • - Oscillations & Waves • - Other Sciences

  18. PS–21 Resources: The Physics Classroom Topics URL www.physicsclassroom.com/Class • The Physics Classroom Tutorial • Multimedia Physics Studios • Shockwave Physics Studios • Minds on Physics Internet Modules • Curriculum Corner • The Laboratory Light Waves and Color The behavior of light waves is introduced and discussed; polarization, color, diffraction and interference are introduced as supporting evidence of the wave nature of light. Color perception is discussed in detail.

  19. PS–21 Resources: The Physical Science Classroom – PBS URL • Physical science http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/search-results.html?q=physical+science&submit.x=11&submit.y=1 • Chemistry Activities – Videos http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/resources/subj_02_03.html • PBS-NOVA for Teachers http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/

  20. PS–21 Resources: Physics Forums URL URL Physics Forums: help in teaching science • http://physicsforums.com/ • Science Education • Physics • Astronomy & Cosmology • Mathematics • Engineering • Chemistry • Biology • Other Sciences

  21. PS–21 Resources: A list of Physics-Related Websites • American Association of Physics Teachers http://www.aapt.org. • Alabama Section of AAPT http://bama.ua.edu/~alaapt/ • More links from AL/AAPT http://bama.ua.edu/~alaapt/links.htm • Colorado http://phet.colorado.edu/index.php • Campadrehttp://www.compadre.org/ • MERLOT http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm • American Physical Society educators’ page http://www.aps.org/studentsandeducators/index.cfm • Physics Central http://www.physicscentral.org/ • Particle physics http://particleadventure.org/ • Physics Teacher Education Coalition http://www.phystec.org/ • Live photo project http://livephoto.rit.edu/ • A good site for physics applets is: http://www.falstad.com/mathphysics.html

  22. PS–21 Resources: Interactive Science Simulations Interactive, research based simulations of physical phenomena from the PhET project at the University of Colorado. http://phet.colorado.edu/index.php

  23. BibliographyDensity, Buoyancy, and Pressure • Stavy, R. (1991). Children’s ideas about matter. School Science and Mathematics,91, 240-244. • Ruggiero, S., Cartelli, A., Dupre, F., & Vincentini-Missoni, M. (1985). Weight, gravity, and air pressure: Mental representations by Italian middle-school students. European Journal of Science Education 7, 181-194.

  24. Students Prior Knowledge Created from personal experiences Disagrees with scientific inquiry Partially valuable and useful in coping with everyday world Uses household meanings of scientific words Acquired from physical and social world Incorporated new facts with prior knowledge

  25. Common Student Ideas About Density, Buoyancy, and Pressure Mass and weight of a substance are the same thing. Matter does not include gases or things you cannot see. Matter you cannot see (air) is weightless. The volume and quantity of substances are the same thing.

  26. Summary List of Student Misconceptions to Plan Lessons • Students need to construct their own understanding while exploring properties of matter, mass, volume, buoyancy, and pressure in secondary science.

  27. What are Effective Research Based Strategies in Teaching Density, Buoyancy, and Pressure? • Important to teach what a model is and that all models are limited in specific ways (mass, volume, MV ratio, buoyancy, Force Area ratio, pressure, etc.) • Need to present students with cognitive conflict challenging their existing models. • Then need to offer a new “better” model that must be practiced. • Next, the new model must impress the students by working when applied in new settings • The new models must be simple ones that clearly relate to students prior knowledge.

  28. A great amount of experience is needed with predicting and measuring density in various contexts order to challenge prior ideas. • Then, ask students to explain what and why sink and float phenomena occur. • Introduce pressure with a focus on force and area as well as explanations of pressure in liquids and gasses • Important to move students to develop a generalized theory of pressure, temperature, and volume

  29. Use of Analogies in Teaching Density, Buoyancy, and Pressure • Analogies have both value and problems. You must judge the cost vs benefit. • Students naturally use their own experience and generate analogies • Biological, hydrodynamic, thermal, and mechanical analogies have been used. There are many traps and false conclusions with analogies. • As with all analogies you must review or teach the analogy first – understand and experience it, then make specific connections.

  30. Important to use multiple analogies citing limitations in each. • Research has shown some value in mechanical analogies • Students applying ideas find it hard to recognize the concepts of in the practical and everyday situations.

  31. Teaching Strategy for Science Analogies • Step 1--Introduce the concept to be learned • Step 2--Review with the students' the analogous situation. • Step 3--Identify the relevant features of the analog model. • Step 4--Map out the similarities between the analog model and the concept. • Step 5--Indicate where the analogy breaks down. • Step 6--Draw conclusions about the concept.

  32. Planning Physical Science Lessons Elicit student ideas Provide data to link student ideas to science concepts Have students present and defend their ideas Introduce scientific perspective Change context Have students apply and defend their new understanding Have students reflect on their learning

  33. Feedback • Status: How are you doing? What are you doing? What is coming up next in planning? • Planning: What are you now planning that relates to what we did? How far are you along? Do you need any help? • Physics Concepts: Do you see difficult physical science concepts coming up that we could discuss with you? • Technical: What comments on problems do you have with the PASCO technology materials or other technical questions?

  34. PS-21 Physical Science in the 21st Century First Fall Institute Septber 19, 2010 University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL J. W. Harrell, Stan Jones, Dennis Sunal, Cynthia Sunal, April Nelms WIKI Website: http://ps21-pd.wikispaces.com PS-21 Partners:Alabama Commission on Higher Education (ACHE), UA College of Education – Science Education; UA College of Arts and Sciences – Physics Department; Office of Research in the Disciplines; and West Alabama County Schools

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