1st 9 Weeks Exam Study Guide

1. 1st 9 Weeks ExamStudy Guide

2. Autocratic Government in which the power to govern is held by one person. Citizens have no role in government decisions.

3. Democratic A political system in which a country’s people elect their leaders and rule by the majority. “Rule by the people”

4. Oligarchic A government in which a few people, or clan, or clique have a say in the government

5. Federal A system in which power is divided between a central government and individual states.

6. Unitary One central government controls everything; power is not shared between states, countries or provinces.

7. Confederation A voluntary association of states that agree to follow a weak central government.

8. Parliamentary Democracy • Characteristics: no set term for how long the Prime Minister may serve • The Prime Minister is elected by the legislature • The Head of State and the Chief Executive are two different offices

9. Market Economy An economy in which business owners determine what is to be produced and sold. Competition exists in a market economy.

10. Command Economy An economy in which the government owns most of the businesses and industries and makes most of the economic decisions.

11. Traditional Economy Exchange of goods and services is based on customs and tradition.

12. Tariff A tax placed on imported goods Tariff = tax

13. Embargo A ban on imported goods embargo = ban

14. Quota A limit on the quantity (number) of imported goods quota = quantity

15. Human Capital/Resources The people needed to make business work. Examples of INVESTMENT in human capital include paying for college, providing health insurance, pay raise or providing training.

16. Capital Goods/Resources The goods or equipment needed by a business to produce other goods. Examples include things like factories, sewing machines, computers, etc.

17. Entrepreneur A person who takes a risk to start a business

18. Natural Resource Something provided completely by nature and can bring a country wealth. Ex: diamonds, coal, precious metals, minerals, timber, oil, natural gas

19. Age of Exploration A period of time when Europeans were eager to find new and shorter sea routes so that they could trade with India and China.

20. Holocaust The mass murder of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis in World War II.

21. Superpower Powerful countries that have influence on world affairs. Superpowers during the Cold War: Soviet Union and the United States

22. Who was Prince Henry and what were his major contributions to the Age of Exploration? • ship designer and builder • planned explorations • Explored the coast of Africa in search for a trade route to Asia

23. What were the main reasons Europe wanted to colonize the rest of the world? • God – spread Christianity • Glory – bring fame/honor to their king/ monarch • Gold – claim land (&natural resources) and riches for their country…and themselves

24. What was the Russian Revolution? What effect did it have on WWII? • During WWI Russian citizens ran out of food and soldiers ran out of food, clothing and weapons. Russians pulled out of the war. • The Czar ignored their problems and soldiers turned on the Czar. • The Soviet Union signed a peace treaty with Germany and gave Germany land which led to instability in Europe which played a role in causing WWII.

25. Construct a table outlining who the major countries were in WWI and for which side they fought. Allied Powers Central Powers  England Germany France Austria-Hungary Russia Ottoman Empire Japan Bulgaria United States FRUJE ABOG

26. Explain the Treaty of Versailles and what effect it had on Europe. • The Treaty of Versailles was the Peace agreement signed at the end of WWI. Conditions: • Germany had to admit to starting the war • Germany had to pay money to the Allies • Germany lost land (territory) • Germany was told NOT to rebuild its military • Other allied countries wanted to punish Germany. • The Treaty of Versailles DID NOT bring peace to Europe because of the harsh treatment of Germany.

27. Construct a table outlining who the major countries were in WWII and on which what side they fought. Allied Powers  Axis Powers  Great Britain Germany France Italy United States Japan Soviet Union GUFS JIG

28. What were the causes of WWII in Europe? • Germany invaded Poland • Rise of Dictatorships in Europe (Hitler and Mussolini) • Worldwide economic depression • Acts of aggression by Japan and Italy • Treaty of Versailles

29. What was the Cold War? Compare and contrast the ideas of capitalism vs. communism. • A rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted from the 1940s to the early 1990s. • Communism – an economic and political system in which a central authority controls the government and the economy. (Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc) • Capitalism – a system in which businesses are privately owned. (United States)

30. What happen when the Cold War ended in Europe? • The Soviet Union broke apart. • Many independent countries were formed…the largest was Russia. • The Berlin Wall fell • Arms race ended • Encouraged democracy in Eastern Bloc countries • East and West Germany were reunited