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ENGL 406 Case Studies in Professional Contexts <Lecture 1>. Reminder…. ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts. Have you got your… Course Outline?. Recap of Seminar 1. ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts. 1. Project Vs Research/Research VS Case Studies
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Reminder… ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • Have you got your… • Course Outline?
Recap of Seminar 1 ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 1. Project Vs Research/Research VS Case Studies • 2. Course Outline; Meeting arrangement • 3. Major Research Strategies
Programme in Lecture 1… ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • Research: The Fundamentals • Case Study: The Fundamentals • Suggested Research Approaches • A.O.B • Special topic: Sample Case Study • (if time allowed)
(Leftovers from Seminar 1) ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • Research Strategies • i. Experiment • ii. Survey • iii. Archival Analysis • iv. History • v. Case Study • Not mutually exclusive • but INCLUSIVE AND PLURALISTIC!
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 2. Choosing the right Research Strategy/-ies • i. Type of research questions • ii. Extent of control over behavioural events • iii. Research Focus: Contemporary or Historical?
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 2. Choosing the right Research Strategy/-ies • ii. Extent of control over behavioural events • First-hand access to what is investigated • iii. Research Focus: Contemporary or Historical? • Investigating PAST or PRESENT? • History, Case Study or Experiment?
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 2. Choosing the right Research Strategy/-ies • ii. Extent of control over behavioural events • iii. Research Focus: Contemporary or Historical?
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 2. Choosing the right Research Strategy/-ies • ii. Extent of control over behavioural events • iii. Research Focus: Contemporary or Historical?
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 3. Our Ultimate GOALS!!! • i. What is a CASE?
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 3. Our Ultimate GOALS!!! • i. What is a CASE? • ii. How can a case be EXAMINED?
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 3. Our Ultimate GOALS!!! • i. What is a CASE? • ii. How can a case be EXAMINED? • … ANALYSED?
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 3. Our Ultimate GOALS!!! • i. What is a CASE? • ii. How can a case be EXAMINED? • … ANALYSED? • … INTERPRETED?
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 3. Our Ultimate GOALS!!! • i. What is a CASE? • ii. How can a case be EXAMINED? • … ANALYSED? • … INTERPRETED? • … “GENERALISED”? -_-
ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts (Leftovers from Seminar 1) • 3. Our Ultimate GOALS!!! • i. What is a CASE? • ii. How can a case be EXAMINED? • … ANALYSED? • … INTERPRETED? • … “GENERALISED”? -_- • … PRESENTED?
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 1. Definition of “Research” • -“a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover NEW information or reach a NEW understanding” (Given in Seminar 1)
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 1. Definition of “Research” • -“a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover NEW information or reach a NEW understanding” (Given in Seminar 1) • - achieving aim through the application of research strategy/strategies
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 1. Definition of “Research” • -“a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover NEW information or reach a NEW understanding” (Given in Seminar 1) • - achieving aim through the application of research strategy/strategies • - Deductive (hypothesis testing) • vs Inductive (hypothesis seeking)
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. Evidence • a. Raw material of research • b. 2 major types: Scientific & Judicial
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. Evidence • b. Scientific evidence • - “manufactured” from scratch • - full manipulation from researcher • usually from inanimate and/or • “dependent” materials • e.g. Natural-science/ • Quantative research: Lab tests
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. Evidence • b. Judicial evidence • - dependent on GIVEN REAL-LIFE context • - very limited manipulation • usually from HUMAN BEINGS • - ethical and cultural barriers • e.g. Naturalistic / Qualitative research: • Male and female Speech Acts
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 3. Research Strategies • = ways of collecting and analysing empirical evidence
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 3. Types of Research Strategies • a. Experiment • b. Survey • c. Archival Analysis • d. History • e. Case Study • Not mutually exclusive • but INCLUSIVE AND PLURALISTIC!
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 4. Choosing the right Research Strategy/-ies • a. Type of research questions • b. Extent of control over behavioural events • c. Research Focus: Contemporary or Historical?
A. Research: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 4. Choosing the right Research Strategy/-ies • a. Type of research questions • b. Extent of control over behavioural events • c. Research Focus: Contemporary or Historical? Types of evidence researchers want to/can obtain
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • What is a “case”?
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • What is a “case”? • a. a real-life human activity
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • What is a “case”? • a. a real-life human activity • b. to be studied and understood in context
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • What is a “case”? • a. a real-life human activity • b. to be studied and understood in context • c. contemporary existence
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • What is a “case”? • a. a real-life human activity • b. to be studied and understood in context • c. contemporary existence • d. with exceptions; no definite conclusion
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • What is a “case”? • a. a real-life human activity • b. to be studied and understood in context • c. contemporary existence • d. with exceptions; no definite conclusion • e. numerous possibilities: • e.g. an individual(e.g. a patient) • a group(e.g. a family) • a community(e.g. a tribe)
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. What is a “case study”? • Basically… • - a study of a chosen “case” -_-
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. What is a “case study”? • Basically… • - a study of a chosen “case” -_- • obtaining evidence from the “case/s” to answer specific research questions
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. What is a “case study”? • Basically… • - a study of a chosen “case” -_- • obtaining evidence from the “case/s” to answer specific research questions
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. What is a “case study”? • Basically… • - a study of a chosen “case” -_- • obtaining evidence from the “case/s” to answer specific research questions • Judicial evidence: • Human activities • Real-life context
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. What is a “case study”? • In terms of RESEARCH NATURE…
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. What is a “case study”? • In terms of RESEARCH NATURE… • a. Inductive: not based on theories/hypothesis
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. What is a “case study”? • In terms of RESEARCH NATURE… • a. Inductive: not based on theories/hypothesis • b. Qualitative: what is BEHIND objective • (quantitative) evidence
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts 2. What is a “case study”? In terms of RESEARCH NATURE… a. Inductive: not based on theories/hypothesis b. Qualitative: what is BEHIND objective (quantitative) evidence c. Studying the effects of real-life context/ situation on subjects Based on what is available ~~~ changing the research context to suit research needs
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts 2. What is a “case study”? Other features…
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. What is a “case study”? • Other features… • a. Participants: researchers and subjects (human)
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 2. What is a “case study”? • Other features… • a. Participants: researchers and subjects (human) • b. Outcome: usually not generalisation but • implications • (c.f. “Case”: with exceptions; no definite • conclusion)
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 3. Why “Case Study”?
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 3. Why “Case Study”? • At the outset…
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts 3. Why “Case Study”? At the outset… - Problems with other research strategies (e.g. unethical, inaccurate)
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 3. Why “Case Study”? • At the outset… • - Problems with other research strategies • (e.g. unethical, inaccurate) • - Little academic background is available • foundation to future research
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 3. Why “Case Study”? • At the outset… • - Problems with other research strategies • (e.g. unethical, inaccurate) • - Little academic background is available • foundation to future research • - Dealing with complex issues • (e.g. exceptions, variables, human factors) • all-or-nothing answers
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 3. Why “Case Study”? • In terms of “Research Aim”…
B. Case Study: The Fundamentals ENGL 406 – Case Studies in Professional Contexts • 3. Why “Case Study”? • In terms of “Research Aim”… • - Exploring “under skin” issues