GeoEye High Resolution Imagery Solutions for Alaska SDMI Tara Byrnes GeoEye Byrnes.tara@geoeye 703-480-4602 Statewide Di

1. GeoEye High Resolution Imagery Solutions for Alaska SDMI Tara Byrnes GeoEye Byrnes.tara@geoeye.com 703-480-4602 Statewide Digital Mapping Initiative Imagery Workshop SDMI Imagery Workshop

2. Agenda Topics of the Day SDMI Imagery Workshop

3. GeoEye Agenda • GeoEye Overview • Questions Answered • Final Thoughts • Questions SDMI Imagery Workshop

4. Overview • GeoEye is a leading producer of high resolution satellite, aerial and geospatial information • Core Capabilities • 3 remote-sensing satellites • 3 aircraft with digital mapping capability and LiDAR • Advanced geospatial imagery processing capability • World’s largest satellite image archive: > 350 million sq km • International network of regional ground stations, including Barrow and Fairbanks,Alaska, to directly task, receive and process high resolution imagery • GeoEye delivers high quality satellite imagery and products to better map, measure and monitor the world SDMI Imagery Workshop

5. What we do • Tasking of two HiRES Satellites • Large archive of HiRES imagery available for search and discovery • Deliver solutions to satisfy a wide variety of mapping and analysis applications • Respond to specific customer requirements with custom tasking and collection SDMI Imagery Workshop

6. SDMI Questionnaire Questions Answered SDMI Imagery Workshop

7. Available Sensors • Two currently operating, highly capable commercial remote sensing satellites, IKONOS® and GeoEye-1 • Substantial existing global ground segment • Four distinct ground terminals, including communications uplink/downlink stations in Barrow and Fairbanks, Alaska, and operations centers in Virginia and Colorado • Rapid collection, downlink processing, production, storage and archive, and access and delivery SDMI Imagery Workshop

8. GeoEye-1 • GeoEye-1 launched on September 6, 2008 • Next-generation satellite with the highest resolution and most advanced collection capabilities of any commercial imaging satellite • GeoEye-1 offers unprecedented spatial resolution by simultaneously acquiring 0.41-meter panchromatic and 1.64-meter multispectral imagery • Imagery from the panchromatic and multispectral sensors can be merged to create 0.5 meter color imagery (pan-sharpened) products • It can collect 700,000 square kilometers (sqkm) of panchromatic imagery (350,000 square kilometers in multi-spectral) in a single day, downlink imagery in real-time to ground stations, and can store 1.0 terabits of data on its solid-state recorders SDMI Imagery Workshop

9. IKONOS • World’s first commercial satellite to collect black-and-white (panchromatic) images with 0.82-meter resolution and multispectral imagery with 3.28-meter resolution • Imagery from the panchromatic and multispectral sensors can be merged to create 0.82-meter color imagery (pan-sharpened) • IKONOS has collected more than 320 million square kilometers of imagery over every continent • From a 423-mile high orbit, IKONOS has a revisit time of once every three days and downlinks directly to more than a dozen ground stations around the globe SDMI Imagery Workshop

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11. Capacity • IKONOS and GeoEye-1 both are built to “paint” a target area • Based on the average scene size each can collect (4,000 sqkm for IKONOS and 5,100 sqkm for GeoEye-1), total capacity is quite large • Combined capability up to 650,000 square kilometers per day in multispectral mode and even more area in panchromatic only SDMI Imagery Workshop

12. IKONOS Bi-Directional Scanning SDMI Imagery Workshop

13. GeoEye-1 Bi-Directional Scanning SDMI Imagery Workshop

14. Quality and Access • Two key points to satisfy the SDMI requirements (to be defined) • Image quality is essentially dependent on three factors: sensor performance, ground processing, and quality assurance • ISO 9001:2000 certification provides a foundation to control and measure performance against these factors • GeoEye-1 delivers NIIRS 5.7 imagery and IKONOS delivers NIIRS 4.5 imagery • This constellation affords the SDMI access to a high capacity constellation with global access to virtually any location on the Earth • Operating in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit, each satellite will orbit the earth approximately 15 times per day with 3-4 passes per day over Alaska SDMI Imagery Workshop

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16. Product Offerings • GeoEye recommends our GeoProfessional product at 10-meter CE90 • Ortho-rectified using proprietary processes perfected in our production facilities and optimized for the data collected by both sensors • Available in two levels of accuracy allowing delivery of the most suitable and precise terrain corrected color products • Precision level product is available in a key areas at 4-meters CE90, but requires more accurate terrain models and ground control • Perfect product for projects requiring high-resolution and medium-scale accuracy when ground control can be costly and/or very difficult to acquire, such as in many parts of Alaska • Available in multiple band combinations: panchromatic, 4-band multi-spectral (red, green, blue and near-infrared), and pan-sharpened(color) • GeoProfessional meets an accuracy specification of 15-meters CE90 at 1 meter and 10-meters CE90 at 0.5 meter. Available in both 8-bit and 11-bit • Both sensors have the unique capability to do same pass stereo collection, which allows for both images in the pair to be collected at the same time maintaining consistent environmental conditions in both images • Stereo products are so accurate that they suitable for use as control for other sensor data in remote Alaska areas SDMI Imagery Workshop

17. Applications • Land Management • Environmental Analysis • Land Classification • Change Detection • Emergency Response • Disaster Management • Aviation Safety SDMI Imagery Workshop

18. Horizontal Accuracy • Native Horizontal Accuracy: GeoEye-1 image accuracy is 5-meter CE90 (5.7-meter CE95). IKONOS image accuracy is specified at 15-meter CE90 (17-meter CE95), but operational tests show actual performance is 7-meter CE 90 (8-meter CE95). RPC data is provided with Geo and Stereo products at no extra cost • Improved Horizontal Accuracy: GeoEye image accuracy can approach the accuracy of the applied ground control, limited only by pixel resolution. With suitable GCP, IKONOS image accuracy is 2-meter CE95 and GeoEye-1 is 1-meter CE95. These image accuracies are at nadir, and thus, exclude terrain displacement due to DEM errors SDMI Imagery Workshop

19. Horizontal Control Distribution • As control is only necessary for the 4-meter CE90 product, GeoEye does not anticipate the need for ground control points to meet Alaska SDMI objectives • However, for the Precision products, we space ground control approximately every 50 km down the length of each image strip • Control points located in the strip overlap areas reduce costs. GeoEye can obtain ground control points (GCP) or accept them as Customer Furnished Information(CFI) • We do not, however, anticipate needing GCP for the GeoProfessional ortho-image products we propose to deliver for the current requirements SDMI Imagery Workshop

20. DEM Requirement • To achieve the SDMI specification of 1:24,000 NMAS (12.2 meters CE90), GeoEye would require a DEM of 19-meters LE90 or better SDMI Imagery Workshop

21. Ortho-Mosaic Production • GeoEye leverages a strong network of partners all over the globe • Specifically in the state of Alaska, there are partners on which we would rely to assist with the ortho-image production • These partners have not only production knowledge and many years of experience with IKONOS data and now GE-1 data, they have a deep knowledge and understanding of SDMI needs • GeoEye can also provide ortho-mosaic imagery directly to the SDMI • The production time, regardless of who processes, would depend on the size of the ortho-image and on the necessity to re-collect for cloud cover patching SDMI Imagery Workshop

22. Re-Visit SDMI Imagery Workshop

23. Swath Width • Nadir swath width for IKONOS is 11.3 km, and 15.2 km for GeoEye-1 • Collect large areas, such as Alaska, in one-degree (112km) long strips • IKONOS and GeoEye-1 can each collect three to four strips per pass • Adjacent strips are collected to facilitate tonal balance during ortho-mosaic generation • GeoEye-1 averages 2,500 sqkm per minute for large area collects • A 1,000 km long pass takes 2.45 minutes, so just over 6,000 sqkm are collected on said pass • With three to four passes per day over Alaska, GeoEye-1 will collect over 20,000 sqkm per day • IKONOS averages 1,900 sqkm per minute; 4,655 sqkm per 1,000 km pass; or 16,300 sqkm per day. SDMI Imagery Workshop

24. Rapid Delivery and Ground Receiving Station Options • Network of ground stations strategically located around the world to command and control our spacecraft • Responsive direct downlink and rapid imagery processing and dissemination • Ground station placement is optimized to afford maximum opportunities to downlink, process, and deliver imagery to our customers to meet stringent timelines • GeoEye-1’s electronic image delivery worst case scenario is 2 hours 20 minutes from collection to delivery • Our Antarctic ground station uniquely enables GeoEye to provide this timely and flexible downlink service. With access to this Antarctic ground station, we are able to download and start processing imagery instead of waiting for the sensor to complete a full orbit of the Earth before downloading • Ground stations in Barrow and Fairbanks, Alaska, that will be leveraged for the SDMI SDMI Imagery Workshop

25. Production Volume • GeoEye can collect 5.4 million sqkm in the 150-day season by combining 16,300 sqkm per day from IKONOS with 20,000 sqkm per day from GeoEye-1 (Alaska) • Clouds are, however, significant during the collection season in Alaska • After accounting for clouds, feasibility analysis shows it will take 791 in-season days to collect mainland Alaska • Some of the outlying islands may take two years to collect because of poor weather conditions SDMI Imagery Workshop

26. Delivered Products • We complete delivery of raw imagery and/or ortho-products by several modes ranging from physical electronic media (DVD, Firewire, etc.) to File Transfer protocol (FTP), as well as through dedicated, high-bandwidth communication links • We provide a direct uplink and downlink capability to customers with the necessary receiving and processing capabilities. • We deliver our data ready for ingestion and use by standard commercial exploitation software, Geographic Information Systems, and specialized systems • Multiple formats including industry standard GeoTIFF, as well as National Imagery Transfer Format (NITF) Versions 2.0 and 2.1. • Shipped with a text metadata file, license file, shape files, JPEG overview image and JPEG world file • Shapefiles show area of interest (AOI), delivery component layout, and source image footprints with acquisition geometry • The metadata text file includes GeoEye contact information, order parameters (area of interest, spectral bands, and coordinate system), source image description (acquisition date, sun angles and viewing geometry), and product file descriptions (file names, sizes, and coverage) SDMI Imagery Workshop

27. Licensing and Pricing • As the requirements for the SDMI have not been fully realized, GeoEye will be very flexible with pricing and licensing to best suit SDMI budget and product needs • Very open to considering other license types, such as a “Non-commercial Unrestricted” license that allows unlimited distribution (uplift factor to consider in this scenario) • Once requirements are determined, GeoEye will work very closely with the SDMI members to address licensing needs that are mutually satisfactory • Alaska has already purchased a fair amount of monoscopic and stereo IKONOS data that could be re-licensed for an uplift fee in such a way to allow for use across the state and data could be re-processed to meet the specifications of the SDMI • The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) has identified the state of Alaska as a priority for collection on the new GeoEye-1 satellite • GeoEye is open to discussing with Alaska and the NGA how we may leverage this collection to meet the SDMI needs. Options include ensuring the state’s collection priorities are met, and/or licensing the NGA-collected data via uplift for SDMI use SDMI Imagery Workshop

28. Licensing and Pricing Cont’d • We consider project size and other factors that allow us to provide the best possible value for the SDMI • We will work through our strong allegiance of partners and/or directly with SDMI to deliver the best products, licensing, and pricing • If the SDMI finds exploring pricing for the entire state an overwhelming prospect, we wish to emphasize that we can work with SDMI and our partners to identify priority areas to collect and process • GeoEye will support developing a license and pricing model that works for all parties SDMI Imagery Workshop

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33. Summary • Collectively, the satellites comprising the GeoEye constellation meet SDMI requirements for imagery type, capacity, frequency, quality, and geographic access • The GeoEye constellation will deliver a robust selection of resolutions, imaging bands, and revisit opportunities on each satellite • Both IKONOS and GeoEye-1 have the ability to collect sub-meter imagery • Multiple vehicles for delivery and support to include our network of partners here in Alaska • Future imaging capability with GeoEye-2 SDMI Imagery Workshop