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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. The Camera. Capturing a great photo, in camera, is the SKILL. Printing a perfect photograph is the ART. “ Monolith ” Ansel Adams 1927 6.5 X 8.5 View Camera F22 5 seconds. Parts of the camera pg 16. SLR Camera body Shutter speed selector Viewfinder

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 The Camera

  2. Capturing a great photo, in camera, is the SKILL. • Printing a perfect photograph is the ART. • “Monolith” • Ansel Adams 1927 • 6.5 X 8.5 View Camera • F22 5 seconds

  3. Parts of the camera pg 16 • SLR • Camera body • Shutter speed selector • Viewfinder • Shutter release (button takes the picture) • Film advance • Aperture selector

  4. Camera Controls(some are the same) • Shutter (shutter priority Nikon =S Canon is TV or Time Value) • Aperture (f-stop) (Nikon=A Canon is AV or Aperture Value) • Focusing ring • ISO selector (may be on shutter selector) • Manual/auto focus switch • Mode dial or selector-auto camera • ALL THIS TO CONTROL THE LIGHT

  5. Continued • What controls the light hitting the film? • What is a “stop”? • What kind of shutter does my camera use? • What does the shutter do? • How does it affect my photo?

  6. The Shutter (Page 19) • Shutter • Leaf • Inside the lens • Focal-plane (in front of the film)

  7. Leaf Shutter (in lens)

  8. Focal Plane Shuttersee pg 19or pg 41 (older text)

  9. Shutter speeds pg 18 Tested on this on EVERY quiz! • Full stops (double the light or ½ the light) • 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000 • Also read as • 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125 etc. • Can also be longer than 1 second • This is the time the shutter opens and closes • The longer the time, the more light hits the film • The longer the time the more BLUR may occur!

  10. Fast shutter/ slow shutter pg 20 or 33 • The faster the shutter speed the sharper a moving object will be.

  11. Aperture or f stop pg 24-25 or 44-45 Tested on this on EVERY quiz! • Full stops(double the light or ½ the light) • f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11 • f/16, f/22, f/32…f/64 on larger lenses and cameras • Change the f to a 1 and you have 1/1.4, 1/2, 1/2.8, 1/4, 1/5.6, 1/8, 1/11 etc More light less light

  12. continued • Aperture - the size of the opening controls the amount of light that reaches the film. • Lenses are described as slow or fast. • Some apertures go to only 3.5, depending on the lens. 3.5 is a 1/3 stop below f/4

  13. The shutter speed and f/stop are both adjustable and allow light to strike the film; create and exposure, and control the amount of sharpness, but differently. • Shutter… • Aperture… • To be correctly exposed, that is not too much or too little light, shutter and aperture work together. • If I change the shutter speed from 1/500 to 1/125 I DOUBLE the amount of light that reaches the film. • If I change the f/stop from f/11 to f/8 I DOUBLE the amount of light that reaches the film.

  14. If I shoot a moving car using shutter of 1/4 the car will blur. • If I shoot the same car at 1/1000 the car will be “frozen” in the photo. • If the subject is moving away or toward the camera can use a slower shutter speed than if the subject is moving in across the picture plane, or panning, from the photographer.

  15. The aperture means the lens opening and is measured by the f/stop. • It also controls the brightness (quality) or intensity of the light and the DOF, that is the area that is acceptably sharp, in the image. • To blur JUST the background in a portrait, I would set the aperture at or near f/4.

  16. A “stop” refers to old cameras that had plates with holes of different diameter. The term stop refers to the aperture size. Going from f/8 to f/11 is stopped down when the size of the aperture decreases. • **A stop is any change in the illumination whether with the shutter speed or f/stop or both** • An equivalent exposure affects the sharpness of the photo, admits the SAME amount of light, and gives the photographer more creative choices.

  17. What affects the photo? • Both the shutter (speed) and the aperture(amount) affect… • The light striking the film • Used together, create an exposure • Control the amount of sharpness differently • There are equivalent exposures that change the amount of blur or the depth of field yet are still exposed correctly! • An Equivalent Exposure… • Affects the overall sharpness differently • Allows the photographer creative choices • Admits the same overall amount of light to the film

  18. Equivalent Exposure pgs 28-29 or 48-49 More Light • Meter read f/4 @ 1/125. I need stops more DOF. • f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 • 1 stop 1 stop 1 stop • f/4 to f/8 is 2 stops LESS light but more DOF! • The shutter must give us 2 stops MORE light. • 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 • 1 stop 1 stop 1 stop 1 stop 1 stop • The Equivalent Exposure is f/8@30 Less Light Less Light More Light

  19. Alert! • Slower shutter speeds can cause unwanted blur. • In general, the shutter speed should be greater than focal length of lens. • 85mm lens should not be less than 1/125 unless using a tripod. • We mostly use a 50mm lens, so the slowest shutter speed we use without a tripod is 1/60. • Putting a camera on a tripod and using cable release or remote shutter release is the best way to prevent camera shake. • See page 29 or 49

  20. Focal length of lens • On a 35mm camera • 50mm lens is “normal” • Why? • 35mm lens or below is “wide” • 85mm lens and longer is telephoto 48.75mm A2 + b2 =c2 342+242= 2377 =48.75 24mm 35mm Closest is 50mm lens. That is the “normal” size.

  21. “Sunny 16” rule • Normal, sunny day, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. • Aperture or f/stop at f/16 • Shutter speed at 125 • This is a basis for an exposure if you are not sure. BUT, not if there is shade, or clouds or sunrise or sunset.

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