1) If there are two alleles at a locus, and one of them has a frequency of 0.4

1. 1) If there are two alleles at a locus, and one of them has a frequency of 0.4 • A) The other has a frequency of 0.6 • B) Heterozygote frequency would be 0.48 assuming Hardy-Weinberg conditions • C) The homozygous recessive genotype frequency would be 0.36 (assuming H-W) • D) All of the above • E) A and B above, but not C or D

2. 2) Mutation selection balance • A) predicts that deleterious mutations will have an equilibrium frequency of zero • B) predicts that selection will be weak • C) predicts that mutation rate changes to balance selection • D) predicts that selection and mutation rate could balance at some non-zero equilibrium frequency of a deleterious allele • E) Answers B and D are correct

3. 3) underdominance • A) Means that homozygotes have higher fitness than heterozygotes • B) Means that heterozygotes have lower fitness than homozygotes • C) Means that heterozygotes have lower fitness than one of the homozygous genotypes but not the other • D) Means that w11 > w12 < w22 • E) all of the above except C

4. 4) If there is selection against a recessive allele “a” whose frequency is given as “q”; assume H-W conditions other than selection (i.e. only selection) • A) the allele will increase in frequency slowly at first, but then decline rapidly • B) delta q will = [(q2waa + pqwAa)/wmean ] – q • C) the allele will drop to a very low frequency but never disappear • D) the equilibrium frequency of the alternative allele is 1.5 • E) all of the above

5. 5) With overdominance, highest mean fitness occurs • A) when all alleles are dominant • B) when all alleles are at equal frequency • C) when one allele is lost • D) when the population evolves that trait • E) when heterozygote fitness is higher than homozygote fitness