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The Digestive System

The Digestive System. 3 functions. Digestion – breakdown of food into nutrients that can be absorbed in the form of molecules Absorption – passage of nutrients into the bloodstream to be carried to body tissues & cells Excretion – elimination of waste products. Gastrointestinal Tract.

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The Digestive System

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  1. The Digestive System

  2. 3 functions • Digestion – breakdown of food into nutrients that can be absorbed in the form of molecules • Absorption – passage of nutrients into the bloodstream to be carried to body tissues & cells • Excretion – elimination of waste products

  3. Gastrointestinal Tract • Extends from mouth to anus • The gastrointestinal tract consists of the following : Mouth Throat Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum Small bowel Colon Rectum Anus

  4. Other organs of GIT • Liver (hepatobiliary system) • Gallbladder • Pancreas • These organs lie outside GIT but contribute to the Digestion process

  5. STOMACH LIVER LARGE INTESTINE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  6. Mouth • Food is moistened and chewed (i.e. mastication) • Contains teeth, tongue, • Contains hard & soft palate (roof of mouth) • Contains uvula which stops food entering the nasal cavity with swallowing

  7. Mouth Cont’d • Salivary glands supply saliva with digestive enzymes for food breakdown • Tonsils – located in oropharynx & produce leucocytes

  8. Oesophagus • Is a tube connecting pharynx to stomach • Moves food into stomach by peristalsis

  9. Oesophagus word component

  10. Stomach • Hollow organ • Lies below diaphragm in upper abdominal cavity, LUQ • It is divided into three (3) sections i) the fundus ii) the body which is the middle section iii) the pylorus (the lower, small end).

  11. Stomach cont’d • Gastric juices break down the food into watery material to make absorption easier • Pepsin (an enzyme) also breaks down food • Has 2 sphincters 1. cardiac sphincter – prevents regurgitation into oesophagus 2. pyloric sphincter – controls passage of food into small intestine

  12. Word Components

  13. Small Intestine • Is 6 metres long • Nutrients from broken down food is absorbed through the intestinal walls • 3 sections 1. duodenum –connected to pylorus of stomach 2. jejunum – middle section 3. ileum- lower section and joins onto large intestine

  14. Stoma -stomy • Stoma means a surgical opening • -stomy is also referred to an operation to form an opening between two parts e.g. stomach to abdomen • Can be an opening from the intestine onto the outside of the body after surgical removal of part of intestine

  15. -stomy Is joined onto combining forms to add meaning e.g. • Jejun / o / stomy is creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum • Ile /o / stomy is creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum

  16. -stomy It is also used with two combining forms for organs & means an opening between two body parts or organs that would normally be separated • Gastr / o / enter / o /stomy is a new surgical opening between stomach and small intestine NB: when the 2 combining forms gastr/o and enter/o are joined the combining vowel is retained

  17. Suffixes • Gram – refers to a drawing or picture • Graphy – refers to the technique of making a recording • Graph – refers to the instrument that make the recording

  18. Word components

  19. Large Intestine (i.e. large bowel) • 1 metre long • Water is absorbed through large intestine back into body • waste becomes solid

  20. Large Intestine cont’d 3 major sections • Caecum hold appendix • Colon – ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon • rectum

  21. Word components

  22. Liver –manufactures & releases bile Lies in RUQ Liver

  23. Lies inferior surface of liver stores bile & releases bile through common bile duct into duodenum Gallbladder

  24. Pancreas • Lies posterior to stomach • Produces juices filled with enzymes to digest food • Releases digestive juices into the duodenum • Secretes insulin which is a hormone is released when blood sugar levels rise pg 42

  25. Procedures • Cholecystectomy • Cholecystography • Colonoscopy • Enterectomy • Hemicolectomy • Laparoscopy • Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty pg 44

  26. Prefixes

  27. Suffixes

  28. Diseases and disorders • Adhesion – fibrous band • Ascites – accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity • Cachexia – abnormally low weight • Cirrhosis – scarring of an organ (liver) • Divrticulum – abnormal pouch in wall of a tube (colon ) • Cholelithiasis – stones in gallbladder pg 46

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