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CRUDE OIL AND THE NEED OF CONSREVATION

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CRUDE OIL AND THE NEED OF CONSREVATION

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  1. Exhaustion of Natural Resources – Crude oil Suggested by : Mary Madam

  2. What is meant by Crude oil? • Complex mixture of hydrocarbons derived from the geologic transformation and decomposition of plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. • As a technical term, petroleum encompasses the liquid (crude oil), gaseous (natural gas), and viscous or solid (bitumen, asphalt) forms of hydrocarbons that occur in the Earth, but the meaning is often restricted to the liquid oil form.

  3. Crude oil will be in a raw or unrefined state. After taking the crude oil from the ground the oil will be refined by using various filters and polished and it will be refined by using various techniques such as pyrolysis, destructive distillation etc. and from the crude oil various products will be obtained such as Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, shale oil etc.

  4. The table gives an estimate of reserves of crude oil. More important, it also tells us for how many years the stock of crude oil will last if people continue to extract it at the present rate. The reserves would last only 43 years more. This is for the world as whole. However, different countries face different situations. Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. If prices of oil Increase this becomes a burden for everyone. There are countries like USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power.

  5. Is crude oil essential for the development process in a country? • Yes, Crude oil is definitely essential for the development process in a country because for every needs oil. Without oil there is no life of a Human Being because man wants to lead a luxurious life and this luxurious life needs oil.

  6. If the government wants to provide health facilities to the people medicines should be manufactured and these should be sent to hospitals, shops etc. and for these works we need oil and to build Hospitals, Primary Health care centers and to provide basic facilities to the people such as Education, Sanitation, Drinking water, Food etc. Government needs oil. To increase more Per Capita income oil is essential. For protecting the country from other countries we need oil.

  7. For Three Activities we need oil: • Primary Activity – Agriculture – In Agriculture for ploughing the land, for fertilizers, pesticides, for harvesting, in Agriculture everything needs oil.

  8. Secondary Activity–Manufacturing –Manufacturing needs machinery and machinery needs oil to run. • Tertiary Activity – Transport – Transport system needs oil Without Oil Development process in a country.

  9. India has to import crude oil. What problems do you anticipate for the country looking at the above situation? • Yes, the country has to face so many problems which has to import Crude oil from different countries. The country importing oil has to be friendly with the country that exports oil. If any problem occurs to the country that exports oil the country imports oil should support them.

  10. If the currency rate of the country which exports oil increases or the currency rate of importing country decreases that gives raise to the Revenue problems and this effect lasts long and this effects the development of the country that imports oil and it takes so much time to recover from that problem. Development rate will not be more or increase more of the country which imports oil.

  11. Day by day crude oil prices are increasing this is because of our currency, the rate of our currency is decreasing and moreover, we are importing the oil from other countries.

  12. INFORMATION ON THE CRUDE OIL THAT WAS AVAILABLE IN THE WORLD Based on data from OPEC at the beginning of 2011 the highest proved oil reserves including non-conventional oil deposits are in Venezuela (20% of global reserves), Saudi Arabia (18% of global reserves), Canada (13% of global reserves), Iran (9%).

  13. Most of the world's oil reserves are in the Middle East.

  14. Arctic prospective resources Location of Arctic Basins assessed by the USGS: A 2008 United States Geological Survey estimates that areas north of the Arctic Circle have 90 billion barrels (1.4×1010 m³) of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and 44 billion barrels (7.0×109 m³) of natural gas liquids in 25 geologically defined areas thought to have potential for petroleum. This represented 13% of the expected undiscovered oil in the world. Of the estimated totals, more than half of the undiscovered oil resources were estimated to occur in just three geologic provinces—Arctic Alaska, the Amerasia Basin, and the East Greenland Rift Basins.

  15. More than 70% of the mean undiscovered oil resources was estimated to occur in five provinces: Arctic Alaska, Amerasia Basin, East Greenland Rift Basins, East Barents Basins, and West Greenland–East Canada. It was further estimated that approximately 84% of the oil and gas would occur offshore. The USGS did not consider economic factors such as the effects of permanent sea ice or oceanic water depth in its assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. This assessment was lower than a 2000 survey, which had included lands south of the Arctic Circle.

  16. For the oil reserves that were discovered in the Arctic ocean so many countries decided to fight for that Oil Reserves. Finally they came to a settlement. • The Countries are: • United States of America • Canada • England • Brazil • Germany • Iran

  17. Decline curve generated by Decline curve analysis software, utilized in petroleum economics to indicate the depletion of oil & gas in a Petroleum reservoir. The Y axis is a semi log scale, indicating the rate of Oil depletion (green line), and gas depletion (red line). The X axis is a coordinate scale, indicating time in years and displays the production decline curve. The top red line is the gas decline curve, which is a hyperbolic decline curve. Gas is measured in MCF (Thousand cubic feet). The lower Blue line is the oil decline curve, which is an exponential decline curve. Oil is measured in BBL, or Oil barrels. Data is from actual sales, not pumped production. The dips to zero indicate there were no sales that month, likely because the Oil well did not produce a full tank, and thus was not worth a visit from a Tank truck.

  18. The decline curve method uses production data to fit a decline curve and estimate future oil production. The three most common forms of decline curves are exponential, hyperbolic, and harmonic. It is assumed that the production will decline on a reasonably smooth curve, and so allowances must be made for wells shut in and production restrictions. The curve can be expressed mathematically or plotted on a graph to estimate future production. It has the advantage of (implicitly) including all reservoir characteristics. It requires a sufficient history to establish a statistically significant trend, ideally when production is not curtailed by regulatory or other artificial conditions. Production decline curve method

  19. What is meant by Sustainability? • Sustainability means using the resources properly and saving them for the future generations is called Sustainability. Presently sustainability should be maintained, otherwise life will not exist. Presently surveys are telling that the presently available resource will last only for few years. So Sustainability should be maintained.

  20. The oil in the oil reserves is getting to exhaust .

  21. Now a days oil is very essential to live. Without oil man cannot live and life ends there without oil. Today world is depending on oil. Our responsibility is to save oil.

  22. How to save oil? • Don’t waste oil. • Use High mileage vehicles. • Off the engine of vehicles during the red light. • Reduce the use of oil. • We should be safe while bringing the oil through water ways. • We should be careful at oil refining areas because fire accident may take place. Save Oil…

  23. Crude oil is definitely necessary for the development process in a country. Without crude oil development process will not take place. • The countries which imports oil from other countries should face so many problems, in that countries the rate of development will not be high and it will have revenue problems. • Sustainability should be achieved, otherwise life will not exist and the life on earth ends there, world is fully depending on oil.

  24. A Presentation by: N.Sai Pavan X – B Roll No. 29 Kendriya Vidyalaya

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