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By Caitlin, Trent, Noel, Keyana

By Caitlin, Trent, Noel, Keyana. MONKEY. Journey to the West Is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature Took place during the Tang Dynasty(618-907) It was written by Wu Cheng'en in the 16th century published anonymously by Wu Cheng'en. WU CHENG’EN. Born 1500?-1582

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By Caitlin, Trent, Noel, Keyana

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  1. By Caitlin, Trent, Noel, Keyana

  2. MONKEY • Journey to the West • Is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature • Took place during the Tang Dynasty(618-907) • It was written by Wu Cheng'en in the 16th century • published anonymously by Wu Cheng'en

  3. WU CHENG’EN • Born 1500?-1582 • novelist and poet of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) • Wu repeatedly failed the civil service exams. • Was 63 years old when he was appointed to the post of Vice Magistrate in Changxing county • was thrown into prison on a trumped-up charge of corruption.

  4. Xuan Zang or Tripitaka • Tripitka means "Three Baskets" • born 602 - 664 • entered Buddhist monkhood at the age of thirteen • left Chang'an in 629 reaching India in 630.

  5. Xuan Zang or Tripitaka • travelled in India for the next thirteen years, • left India in 643 and arrived back in Chang'an in 646 to a warm reception by Emperor Taizong of Tang. • In 646, under the Emperor's request, Tripitaka completed his book Great Tang Records on the Western Regions • The Xingjiao Monastery was established in 669 to house his ashes.

  6. BUDHISM • currently has about 376 million followers and is generally listed as the world's fourth largest religion after Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. • Main objective is to achieve enlightenment or Nirvana- release from suffering • Buddhist texts • Pāli Tipitaka • Mahayana sutras

  7. BUDHISM • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama: The Buddha born 566(?) died 480(?) B.C • In Buddhism there are celestial buddhas, bodhisattvas, and deities that assist and inspire the Buddhist practitioner. Among the most popular are Kuan Yin, the Medicine Buddha, the Laughing Buddha and the Green and White Taras.

  8. BUDHISM • The Three Trainings or Practices: • Sila: Virtue, good conduct, morality. • Samadhi: Concentration, meditation, mental development. . • Prajna: Discernment, insight, wisdom, enlightenment. • The Four Noble Truths: • Dukkha:Suffering exists • Samudaya:There is a cause for suffering. • Nirodha:There is an end to suffering. • Magga: In order to end suffering, you must follow the Eightfold Path.

  9. BUDHISM • The Eightfold Path: • Panna: Discernment, wisdom: • 1) Samma ditthi Right Understanding of the Four Noble Truths • 2) Samma sankappa: Right thinking; following the right path in life • Sila: Virtue, morality: • 3) Samma vaca: Right speech: no lying, criticism, condemning, gossip, harsh language 4) Samma kammanta Right conduct by following the Five Precepts • 5) Samma ajiva: Right livelihood; support yourself without harming others • Samadhi:Concentration, meditation: • 6) Samma vayama Right Effort: promote good thoughts; conquer evil thoughts • 7) Samma sati Right Mindfulness: Become aware of your body, mind and feelings • 8) Samma samadhi Right Concentration: Meditate to achieve a higher state of consciousness

  10. BUDHISM • The Five Precepts: • Do not kill. This is sometimes translated as "not harming" or an absence of violence. • Do not steal. • Do not lie. • Do not misuse sex. • Do not consume alcohol or other drugs.

  11. BUDHISM • Karma • The Cycle of Rebirth • There are six separate planes into which any living being can be reborn -- three fortunate realms, and three unfortunate realms. • Those with favorable, positive karma are reborn into one of the fortunate realms: the realm of demigods, the realm of gods, and the realm of men. • The realm of man is considered the highest realm of rebirth. • The three unfortunate realms consist of animals, ghosts and hell

  12. TAOIST • characterized by an awareness of man's close relationship with nature and the universe. • Taoists stress the importance of harmonizing with nature by balancing yin and yang, and developing chi, the essential energy of action and existence, through meditation and disengagement. • Formed: around 550 B.C. • Origin: China • Followers 20,000,000 • Originator: Lao Tzu

  13. TAOIST • More of a philosophy then a religion • Symbolized by Ying Yan symbol • Based on the Daode jing (Tao Te Ching), a philosophical and political text written by Lao Tzu • Tao means the way or path • Three Jewels of the Tao: compassion, moderation, and humility

  14. TAOIST • Principles • Naturalness • Vitality • peace "non-action" wu wei, or "effortless effort • emptiness, • detachment • flexibility • receptiveness • spontaneity

  15. TAOIST • Taoism is polytheistic, it has many deities are part of a heavenly hierarchy that mirrors the bureaucracy of Imperial China. According to their beliefs, Chinese deities may be promoted or demoted for their actions. • Popular Taoism typically presents the Jade Emperor as the official head deity. • some Taoists in the old days let their hair grow as long as possible, refused to talk and expressed themselves by whistling

  16. TAOIST • five basic elements: wood, fire, metal, water, and earth • In Taoist thought the path to heaven is through nature and the terms "heaven” and "nature" are often used interchangeably. • The concept of a hell is largely absent. • Immortality is an important idea in Taoism • Texts • Tao Te Ching • Zhuangzi • Daozang

  17. TAOIST-POLE STAR • Taoist Nine Star Astrology is the essence of the all the Taoist practices and is based on the Pole Star (Yang), the Big Dipper (7 Points), and the Vega Star (Yin). • The Pole Star is the residence of Taiyi, the supreme sky god. To return to the One is to return, on one level, to the Pole Star. It is the place where all things begin and to which all things return.

  18. CONFUCIANISM • Formed c. 500 B.C. • Started by: Confucius 551–478 BC • Origin China • Followers 5,000,000 • Unlike Taoism, which emphasizes the natural way, Confucianism emphasizes the social way • There are no deities or gods

  19. CONFUCIANISM • Confucius was not interested in religious salvation and the afterlife making this more of a philosophy then a religion • Confucianism focuses on humanism, the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics • Golden Rule: "do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you." • Confucianism expressed the ideal of a "gentleman" or "perfect man". A man that combines the qualities of saint, scholar, and gentleman. • Confucians taught that women was supposed to uphold “three subordinations”: be subordinate to her father before marriage, to her husband after marriage, and to her son after her husband died

  20. CONFUCIANISM • The five virtues • Ren (仁, Humaneness), • Yi (義, Righteousness or Justice), • Li (禮, Propriety or Etiquette), • Zhi (智, Knowledge), • Xin (信, Integrity). • The Five Bonds • Ruler to Ruled • Father to Son • Husband to Wife • Elder Brother to Younger Brother • Friend to Friend

  21. CONFUCIANISM • Confucian Texts • The are five Confucian classics • 1) Book of History • 2) Book of Songs • 3) Book of Changes • 4) Rites • 5) The Spring, Autumn • The Four Books • The Analects • The Doctrine of the Mean • The Great Learning • Mencius

  22. DRAGONS • The ancient Chinese believed that dragons were real and possessed supernatural powers. Dragons were a symbol of power, strength, success, luck and honor • It is the first of the four Divine Creatures to Chinese-the others being the unicorn, the phoenix and the tortoise • the Chinese Dragon is a beneficent and gracious creature and is worshipped as the divine ruler of Lakes, Rivers and Seas

  23. Yanluo AND THE COURT OF THE DEAD • Yanluo is not only the ruler but also the judge of the underworld and passes judgment on all the dead • Yanluo is considered to be an office or bureaucratic post, rather than an individual god. • his minions include a judge who holds in his hands a brush and a book listing every soul and the allotted death date for every life

  24. Yanluo AND THE COURT OF THE DEAD • Yanluo divided Diyu, realm of the dead, into ten levels or courts • Men or women with merit will be rewarded good future lives, or even revival in their previous life. Men or women who committed misdeeds will be sentenced to torture and/or miserable future lives. • The spirits of the dead are supposed to either pass through a term of enjoyment in a region midway between the earth and the heaven of the gods, or to undergo their measure of punishment in hell. After this time they may return to Earth in new bodies. • Hell in ancient Chinese cultural is consisted of 18 levels that punishes a person for a specific sin that they committed in life

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