Bone Muscle Cardio Fluid/Electrolyte Immunology Hematology Neuro Endo GI BHP

2. Space Nutrition Nutrient Requirements Systems Bone Muscle Cardio Fluid/Electrolyte Immunology Hematology Neuro Endo GI BHP Energy CHO (fiber), Fat, Protein Fat-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins Minerals Fluid Countermeasures Energy Amino acids Protein Sodium Fatty acids Antioxidants Other Vehicle/Mission Bisphosphonates KCitrate Medications Exercise Other Duration Food System Radiation EVA Schedule

5. Christmas Day 2008 Stuffing (cornbread stuffing, cooked onions & garlic in olive oil, re-hydrated sausage, honey) Mesquite grilled tuna in a lemon and garlic ginger marinade Russian crab salad (eggs, corn, mayo, horseradish)

6. New Year’s Day 2009 Black bean salad (cooked onions, corn, re-hydrated sun-dried tomatoes, honey, balsamic vinegar) Mexican scramble (eggs, potatoes, cheese, breakfast sausage links, rehydrated sun-dried tomatoes, cooked onions and garlic, and picante sauce on a tortilla)

7. Energy Intake • Inadequate food intake will compromise crew health and performance • Intake of all nutrients is dependent on the adequacy of energy intake

8. Energy

9. SLAMMD

10. Vitamin D Smith et al., J Nutr, 2006 Smith et al., J Nutr, 2005

11. Polar Vitamin D: Winter 2007 Smith et al., AJCN, 2009

12. Polar II: Winter 2009 2,000 IU/d 10,000 IU/wk Vitamin D, Calcium Immune Markers

13. Human Body Stomach andIntestines Excretion Diet Feces Secretion Absorption Excretion Urine Calcium Pools Deposition Resorption Bone Bone breakdown Bone formation Bone

14. Potential Countermeasures • Nutrition • Exercise • Pharmacology • Gravity

15. N-telopeptide • Helical peptide

16. Nutrition and Bone

17. Nutrition and Bone

18. NEEMO

19. Iron, Oxygen, and EVA Radiation/oxygen issues have implications for cataracts and other health issues.

25. Earth Benefits • Research • Countermeasures • Technology • Education/Outreach

26. Education/Outreach