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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. A denosine T ri p hosphate. Universal energy carrier of the cell Active transport Reproduction Movement Muscle contractions Protein synthesis Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H 2 O  ADP + P i + Energy Energy used to produce heat & drive processes. Cellular Respiration.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Adenosine Triphosphate • Universal energy carrier of the cell • Active transport • Reproduction • Movement • Muscle contractions • Protein synthesis • Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O  ADP + Pi + Energy • Energy used to produce heat & drive processes

  3. Cellular Respiration 1C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP • Primarily in mitochondria • Chemical energy in glucose converted to ATP • Necessary for both consumers (heterotrophs) and producers (autotrophs)

  4. Glycolysis • Start: Glucose (6-carbon molecule) • 2ATP energizes the glucose • Phosphate breaks from ATP • Glucose (6C) broken into two Pyruvates (3C) • Finish: Two pyruvates 4 ATPs NADH (H carriers)

  5. Glucose (6 carbon molcule) ADP ADP NADH NADH ADP Pyruvate ATP ATP ADP Pyruvate ATP ATP ATP ATP NAD+ NAD+

  6. Glycolysis Summary

  7. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Step 1: Pyruvate broken down • Pyruvate (3C) is split into Acetic Acid (2C) and CO2 • More NADH created

  8. Pyruvate #1 Pyruvate #2 CO2 CO2 NAD NAD Acetic acid Acetic acid

  9. Step 2: Coenzyme A • Acetic Acid (2C) combines with coenzyme A to create Acetyl-CoA (2C)

  10. Step 3: Citric Acid formed • Acetyl-CoA (2C) binds with 4C molecule (from previous Kreb’s cycle) • Citric Acid (6C) created

  11. Acetyl coA #1 Acetyl coA #2 citric acid citric acid 4 carbon molecule 4 carbon molecule

  12. Step 4: Citric Acid broken down • Citric Acid (6C) broken into 5C molecule • CO2 waste created • More NADH created

  13. Citric acid 5C molecule Citric acid 5C molecule NAD+ NAD+ CO2 CO2

  14. Step 5: 5C molecule broken down • 5C molecule broken down into 4C molecule • CO2 waste created • More NADH created • ATP created

  15. 5C molecule 5C molecule 4C molecule 4C molecule ATP ATP NAD+ NAD+ CO2 CO2 ADP ADP

  16. Step 6: 4C molecule rearranged • Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule • More NADH, FADH2 created • 4C molecule restarts the Kreb’s cycle when bonded with Acetyl-CoA

  17. Citric acid 4C molecule Citric acid 4C molecule Acetyl coA Acetyl coA

  18. Kreb’s Summary • 2 Pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) create: • 6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2

  19. Glycolysis: net gain of 2ATP Glucose (6 carbon molcule) ADP ADP ADP Pyruvate ATP ATP ADP Pyruvate ATP ATP ATP ATP NAD+ NAD+

  20. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Pyruvate #1 Pyruvate #2 CO2 CO2 NAD NAD Acetic acid Acetic acid

  21. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Acetyl coA #1 Acetyl coA #2 citric acid citric acid 4 carbon molecule 4 carbon molecule

  22. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Citric acid 5C molecule Citric acid 5C molecule NAD+ NAD+ CO2 CO2

  23. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 5C molecule 5C molecule 4C molecule 4C molecule ATP ATP NAD+ NAD+ CO2 CO2 ADP ADP

  24. Electron Transport Chain • Step 1: Electrons removed • Electrons removed from NADH and FADH2

  25. Step 2: Hydrogen Ions Transported • Proteins pump H+ ions across inner membrane of mitochondria • H+ ions accumulate H+ H+ H+ H+ H+

  26. H+ H+ • Step 3: ATP produced • H+ ions diffuse through protein channels to bind ADP + Pi • 34 ATP created H+ H+ ADP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP

  27. Step 4: Water created • Oxygen binds with H+ ions to create 6H2O as a waste H+ O O O H+ H+ H2 O H+ H2 O

  28. Your essay question on the next test! Trace the flow of energy, including ATP, from the sun to your muscles, after eating a green leaf salad.

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