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Evaluation and stance in public and commercial broadcasters’ news bulletins

Evaluation and stance in public and commercial broadcasters’ news bulletins. Gisela Redeker & Evelien Klok University of Groningen. This ppt file will be made available at http://www.let.rug.nl/~redeker. Overview. Public vs Commercial Broadcasters’ News Corpus: Internet News Bulletins

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Evaluation and stance in public and commercial broadcasters’ news bulletins

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  1. Evaluation and stance in public and commercial broadcasters’ news bulletins Gisela Redeker & Evelien Klok University of Groningen This ppt file will be made available at http://www.let.rug.nl/~redeker Evaluation and Text Types Augsburg, 23 July 2005

  2. Overview • Public vs Commercial Broadcasters’ News • Corpus: Internet News Bulletins • Appraisal Analysis • Results • Preliminary Conclusions • Questions and Problems Redeker & Klok

  3. Public and Commercial News Broadcasts • Dutch public broadcaster NOS • Mission: information, inspiration, entertainment • TV news: NOS Journaal • Internet news: www.nos.nl • Dutch commercial broadcaster RTL4 • Mission: easy entertainment • TV news: RTL4 Nieuws • Internet news: www.rtl.nl Redeker & Klok

  4. Corpus of Internet News Bulletins • 30 topic-matched pairs of texts (NOS, RTL4) collected on six days between 29 Sept – 6 Oct 2004 (excluding the weekend) • Topics: national and international political news, some human interest items • Number of words: Redeker & Klok

  5. Text Lengths per Category (# words) Redeker & Klok

  6. Appraisal Analysis: Attitude • Affect: emotional positioning • Judgement: ethical positioning • explicit, provoked, evoked • Appreciation: esthetic positioning Based on Iedema et al (1994), White (1998), and Martin & Rose (2003) Added: source of attitude (not only for affect) Redeker & Klok

  7. Appraisal Analysis: Engagement • Monogloss • Facts, author’s interpretations, presuppositions • Dialogic Contraction • Disclaim: Denial, Counter • Proclaim: Pronounce, Concur, Endorse • Dialogic Expansion • Entertain • Attribute: Acknowledge, Distance • Report (our addition) Redeker & Klok

  8. Appraisal Analysis: Graduation • Force • Intensity • Quantity (amount, time, space) • Enhancement • Focus • Valeur (sharpening/softening of category boundaries) • Fulfilment (qualification of processes) Redeker & Klok

  9. Quantitative Results: Attitudes Redeker & Klok

  10. Quantitative Results: Engagement Redeker & Klok

  11. Engagement: Dialogic Expansion Redeker & Klok

  12. Quantitative Results: Graduation Redeker & Klok

  13. Preliminary Conclusions Compared to RTL4 Internet bulletins, NOS news bulletins: • give more background (explanations, reactions, past and related events) for political news items; • contain more Attitudes, esp. a very high number of negative Judgements; • give more quoted or reported statements (Acknowledge); • contain more Graduation, esp. intensifiers, attitude-strengthening quantifications, and focus softeners. Redeker & Klok

  14. Problems and Questions • Text-level quantitative analysis ignores differences in length and content • Classification of sentences (main news, background, etc.) • Sentence-level comparisons (to correlate codings) • How to deal with quoted discourse? • Our analysis includes Attitudes in discourse from other sources (and codes them as Acknowledge, Distance, or Report), but does not analyse the textual function of attributed material (e.g. Denial, Counter) • When to code Graduation? • Force: Quantity was only coded when it induced an attitudinal stance Redeker & Klok

  15. References • Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. London: Arnold. • Hood, S. (2004). Appraising research. Taking a stance in academic writing. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Technology, Sidney. • Hunston, S. & Thompson, G. (eds.) (2000). Evaluation in text: Authorial stance and • the construction of discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press. • Iedema, R., Feez, S., White, P.R.R. (1994). Media literacy. Sydney: Disadvantaged Schools Program, NSW Department of School Education. • Martin, J.R., & Rose, D. (2003). Working with discourse. Meaning beyond the clause. London: Continuum. • White, P.R.R. (1998). Telling media tales. The news story as rhetoric. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Sydney. • White, P.R.R. (2001-2005). An outline of appraisal. The appraisal website. http://www.grammatics.com/appraisal/index.html (1 October 2004). • White P.R.R. (2003). Beyond modality and hedging: a dialogic view of the language of intersubjective stance. Text 23(2): 259-284. Redeker & Klok

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