Eye infection

1. Eye infection By : Halemeh Moh . Abu Shammala Presented to: Dr. Ayham Abu Lila

2. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والله أخرجكم من بطون أمهاتكم لا تعلمون شيئا وجعل لكم السمع والأبصار والأفئدة لعلكم تشكرون النحل أية (78).

4. Protective factors • The eye is well protected from infection by the conjunctiva and the corneal epithelium. • the tear film contains antimicrobials • while the tear flow itself tends to wash away pathogens • The eye harbors a host of nonpathogenic bacteria that competitively prohibit new bacteria growth.

5. However, • these eye-defenses can be breached by • trauma, • improper tearing, • or contact lens wear and lead to an infection. • An eye infection • threatens vision, • can act as an entry portal to the rest of the body • and infections can progress to systemic involvement, meningitis, and even death.

7. Some microbial eye’s diseases • Eyelid >>>>>>>>> (blepharitis) • eyelash follicle>>>>>>> Stye • tissue around eye>>>>> Orbital cellulitis • Conjunctiva >>>>>>>Conjunctivitis • acute inflammatory conjunctivitis>>> Trachoma • the cornea >>>>>>>> (keratitis) • the liquid inside the eye>>>> (vitritis), • the retina and the blood vessels that feed it >>>>>>>>(chorioretinitis), • the optic nerve>>>>>>>> (neuroretinitis).

8. Blepharitis • inflammation of eyelid • major symptom : crusty or greasy eyelashes • Itching is common, • It is caused by skin bacteria. • Staphylococcus aureus infection is most common

10. Stye and Chalazion Stye • is an infection that causes a tender red lump on the eyelid. • Most styes occur along the edge of the eyelid. • When a stye occurs inside the eyelid, it is called an internal hordeolum • An internal hordeolum is caused by infection in one of the tiny oil glands inside the eyelid. • Caused by Staphylococcus aureus • T : Apply warm, wet compresses 3 to 6 times a day.

11. Chalazion •  is a lump in the eyelid. • develops when an oil gland in the eyelid becomes blocked . • may look like styes, but they are usually larger and may not be painful.

13. Meibomianitis • is an inflammation of the meibomian glands, a group of oil-secreting (sebaceous) glands in the eyelids. • These glands have tiny openings to release oils onto the surface of the cornea. • increases the thickness of the oily secretions of the meibomian glands will allow excess oils to accumulate on the edges of the lids. • This allows for the over-growth of bacteria, which are normally present on skin. • can be caused by allergy, the hormonal changes of adolescence, or general skin conditions such as acne.

14. Dacryoadenitis • is an inflammation of the tear-producing gland (lacrimal gland). • is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection, common causes include mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, staphylococcus, and gonococcus. • Chronic dacryoadenitis is usually due to noninfectious inflammatory disorders. Examples include : sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital pseudotumor.

15. Orbital cellulitis • is an acute infection of the tissues immediately surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow, and cheek. • major cause • Haemophilusinfluenzae :from a concurrent sinus infection (most common in children) • S.aureus • majorsymptoms: Painful swelling , Bulging eyes • Decreased vision , Eye pain , Fever . • considered an emergency, why? • can cause blindness , or brain abscess

19. Conjunctivitis "pink eye" • Is the most common eye infection . • caused by dilation of blood vessels types of Conjunctivitis includes: • Viral conjunctivitis • Bacterial conjunctivitis • Allergic conjunctivitis • Giantpapillary conjunctivitis • often affects soft contact lens wearers.

20. Bacterial conjunctivitis • Infection and inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria. • Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilusinfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. • majorsymptoms : • Eye discharge : a thick discharge or pus . • Red eyes • Foreign body eye sensation • Eye pain • Swollen eyelids

21. Viral conjunctivitis • is highly contagious, because airborne viruses can be spread through sneezing and coughing. • can accompany common viral upper respiratory infections such as measles, the flu or the common cold. • usually produces a watery discharge. • Unlike with bacterial infections, antibiotics will not work against viruses. • But viral conjunctivitis is self-limited, which means it will go away by itself after a short time.

22. Trachoma • is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness. • Trachoma is the result of infection of the eye with Chlamydia trachomatis. • Infection often begins during infancy or childhood and can become chronic.

24. Neonatal conjunctivitis • Up to 10 percent of all pregnant women in the United States have a sexually transmitted chlamydial infection. • Another type of sexually transmitted disease related to the herpes simplex virus type 2 found in the genital area can infect eyes of infants as they are born. • Herpes simplex virus type 1, also can cause a type of eye herpes that results in pink eye.

25. Inclusion conjunctivitis • Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . • The infection can occur in newborns while passing through an infected birth canal. • Adult infections tend to be transmitted to the eye from the infected genitals via the hands. • Diagnosis: is made by taking conjuctival cells with a swap or platinum spatula

28. Parinaudoculoglandular syndrome • is an eye problem similar to conjunctivitis ("pink eye"). • It usually affects only one eye and is accompanied by nearby swollen lymph nodes and an illness with a fever. Causes • Is caused by an infection by bacteria, virus, fungus, or a parasite. • The most common causes are : • cat-scratch disease and tularemia (rabbit fever).

29. keratitis • Is inflammation of the cornea. • Viral keratitis : • Herpes simplexkeratitis, leaves what is called a 'dendritic ulcer'. • Herpes zosterkeratitis . • Onchocercal keratitis : • which follows O. volvulus infection by infected black fly bite.

30. What are dendritic ulcers? • A corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, or eyesore • a common and serious infection of the corneal epithelium by Herpes simplex virus type I. • The virus lies dormant in the trigeminal nerve between attacks. • It is a common condition in humans particularly in the tropics and the agrarian societies. • In developing countries, children afflicted by Vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become blind in both eyes, which may persist lifelong. • Symptoms • extremely painful due to nerve exposure, • cause tearing, • vision loss of the eye. • There may also be signs of anterior uveitis, such as miosis (small pupil), aqueous flare (protein in the aqueous humour) .

32. It can be seen with the slit lamp microscope used to examine your eye. Fluorescent yellow drops are used to show the ulcer up more easily.

33. Amoebic keratitis: • the most serious corneal infection, • usually affecting contact lens wearers caused by Acanthamoeba.

34. Bacterial keratitis: • can follow from an injury or from wearing contact lenses. • Staphylococcus aureus : for contact lens wearers, • Pseudomonas aeruginosa: contains enzymes that can digest the cornea.

35. Fungal keratitis : Fusarium sp.

37. Endophthalmitis • Is inflammation of the uveal tract or posterior chamber . • Usually caused by intraocular infection. • Major cause : Bacillus cereus

38. chorioretinitis • Inflammation of the choroids and retina of the eye. • It can be caused by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus or protozoa. • Cytomegalovirus (AIDS ) • Herpes virus 2 • Histoplasmosis • Syphilis, congenital • Toxoplasma, congenital • Symptoms : • Progressive loss of vision • Floating black spots • Blurry vision

40. thank you