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International Agriculture and Food Workshop University of Wisconsin Law School April 21, 2009

International Agriculture and Food Workshop University of Wisconsin Law School April 21, 2009. Dr. John M. Greenler. Cellulosic (Second Generation) Biofuels: Sustainability and Food Security. The Biofuels Ideal. Biomass : currently 10% of global energy flow. World Biomass Energy Flows.

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International Agriculture and Food Workshop University of Wisconsin Law School April 21, 2009

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  1. International Agriculture and Food Workshop University of Wisconsin Law SchoolApril 21, 2009 Dr. John M. Greenler

  2. Cellulosic (Second Generation) Biofuels: Sustainability and Food Security

  3. The Biofuels Ideal

  4. Biomass: currently 10% of global energy flow

  5. World Biomass Energy Flows United Nations IPCC 4th Assessment Report ( 2007)

  6. C. Cleveland and R. Kaufmann, Fundamental principles of energy, 2008, Encyclopedia of Earth

  7. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, “Figure 14-1: U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector, 1994–2004” (2005); http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/2005/html/chapter_02/figure_14_01.html

  8. Creating Cellulosic Biofuels • What is Cellulose? • Tough to Breakdown: • Cellulose is the most abundant biological material on Earth

  9. How Cellulosic Ethanol is Made

  10. Plant Breeding for Greater Biofuels Potential

  11. Bioprospecting - Thermophiles at Yellowstone

  12. Improved Biomass Conversion Long-Term Strategy for Improved Fuel/Ethanol Yields 1) Aerobic growth: optimize production of extracellularenzymes (lignocellulases) 2) Anaerobic growth: optimize production of enzymes, transporters, & pathways to funnel carbon to fuel production (ethanol, others)

  13. Developing Improved Enzymes for Biomass Processing “Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol: A Joint Research Agenda”, DOE

  14. High Input, Low Diversity (annuals) Low Input, High Diversity (perennials) Sustainable Bioenergy Practices Sustainability: Economic, Environmental and Social Goal: Predict Behavior of Bioenergy Production Systems Continuous Corn Corn-Soybean-Canola Monoculture switchgrass Switchgrass - Legumes Poplars Early successional Native prairie

  15. Are There Win-Win Scenarios? Ecosystem services: Food, pharmaceuticals, energy, climate regulation, pollination, nutrient cycling, recreation…

  16. Where Should Biofuels Crops Be Grown? - Global Perspectives

  17. GLBRC is one of three Bioenergy Research Centers funded by the Department of Energy to conduct transformational biofuels research DOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs)

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