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Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University

Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University. Stromfest April 4, 2008. Patrick Hartigan. History The Reflection Nebula Hypothesis Subsequent Development of Field. Evolving Ideas About HH Objects. New Stuff Conditions near the Star MHD far from the star. DISCOVERY!.

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Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University

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  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Stromfest April 4, 2008 Patrick Hartigan History • The Reflection Nebula Hypothesis • Subsequent Development of Field Evolving Ideas About HH Objects New Stuff • Conditions near the Star • MHD far from the star

  2. DISCOVERY! Herbig 1951, ApJ 113 697 Emission lines… Photoionized… but where is the blue star? Haro 1952, ApJ 115 572 Ambarzumian, 1954 Comm. Burakan Obs No 13 Argues these are related to young stars – coins term HH object

  3. What Causes the Emission Lines? 1956 ApJ 123 379 High ionization, low temperature: “The most obvious means of explaining the ionization is to assume a strong radiation field in the far-ultraviolet”

  4. HH Objects as Reflection Nebulae ApJ 191, 111, 1974

  5. They are polarized! ApJ 191, L93, 1974

  6. But Wait, Emission Lines Unpolarized ApJ 234, L191, 1979

  7. What went wrong? Examples can be more complex: Hartigan et al 1999

  8. What went right? There are reflection nebulae in these objects HH Objects are displaced from host stars HH Objects are usually not photoionized nebulae Motivated future work • Model made TESTABLEPREDICTIONS (i.e. it could be proved wrong)

  9. Spectra, Supersonic Velocities Imply Shocks Schwartz 1975 Large Linewidths Imply Bow Shocks Schwartz 1978 Proper Motions Imply “Bullets” Herbig and Jones 1981 UV Spectra Confirm Shocks Bohm et al 1981 Ortolani and D’Odorico 1980 Bow Shock Models Hartmann & Raymond 1984 Raga & Bohm 1985 Hartigan etal 1987 Jet Connection Mundt & Fried 1983 Bow Shock/Mach Disk Hartigan 1989 Reipurth & Heathcote 1992 Physical Conditions in Jets Brugel, Bohm Mannery 1981 Hartigan et al 1994 Bacciotti & Eisloffel 1998 Nisini 2005 HST Proper Motions Reipurth, Bally, Hartigan etc. 1996-2007

  10. ApJS 62, 39, 1986 Tilting Filter Images

  11. Close to the source: Slit Mapping, Image Slicers Lavalley et al 1997, A&A 327, 671 Jet is fastest along the axis Bacciotti et al 2000, ApJ 537, L49 …and gets denser close to the star Coffey et al 2004, ApJ 604, 758 … and may even be rotating

  12. NEW RESULTS 1. Near the Source 2. Far From the Source

  13. Physical Conditions Throughout the Jet

  14. Jet Collimation

  15. RW AUR Keck, NIRSPAO [Fe II] 1.64 Slit=0.068” (9.6 AU)

  16. Linewidths

  17. Spectroastrometry

  18. NEW RESULTS 1. Near the Source 2. Far From the Source Scaled Laser Experiments

  19. Brugel, Bohm and Mannery 1981 No single density or temperature describes HH objects Filling factor is low

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