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Emotions = reflexive, physiological responsesOperant = learn new responseRespondent = learn to modify response. Respondent Model. UCUR (C)S CSCR (CEr) CSa (C)SbCR *Respondent generalization. . . . . . . . Primary. Secondary. . I don't care what you have to offer
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1. Behavior Therapy (Respondent)
2. Emotions = reflexive, physiological responses
Operant = learn new response
Respondent = learn to modify response
3. Respondent Model UC UR
(C)S
CS CR (CEr)
CSa
(C)Sb CR
*Respondent generalization
7. Cognitive Factors state of negative arousal is cognitive rather than environmental
faulty cognition
misinterpretation
irrational thinking
irrational beliefs
cognitive self-arousal
cognitive anticipation
8. Operant Overlap Engage in avoidance behavior
Successfully avoid
Decrease anxiety/discomfort
(negative reinforcement)
Engage in more pleasurable (positive reinforcement)
9. Assessment Consider developmental level
Normal fear experienced by others?
Age?
Severity & rationality?
Degree of impairment?
10. Checklists and Rating Scales Self-report
e.g., Fear Inventory
Observational scales
Observational recording
Approach behavior
Distance in feet (free approach)
Time @ specified distance (controlled approach)
11. Collect baseline data
Continue to collect data to monitor
12. Emotional Self-Management Stimuli negative emotional arousal react
Tch. to control state Tch. to control impulse
Social Skills
Training
13. Teaching ESM to Control State Teach to recognize indicators
Teach to control state
“negative emotion antagonistic response”
passive concentration (positive self- arousal)
regulated breathing
progressive muscle relaxation
* combination
Option for student to initiate? (TOFA)
14. Planned Individual Interventions severe v. mild/moderate disorder
16. Respondent Extinction “graduated extinction”
Repeatedly present CS- without UR-
simplify situation and reintroduce
(hierarchy)
can use pictures, descriptions, participant modeling, or in vivo
observe while student provides self-report
p. 17
18. Respondent Extinction (cont’d) Be patient
Be supportive
Be alert
19. Counterconditioning LEARN to demonstrate existing NEAR in presence of stimulus
choose existing response
choose response to learn
Systematic desensitization = most common form of counterconditioning
20. Steps for Counterconditioning Construct hierarchy
Select response
Identify stimulus to employ response
Develop visual or verbal cues (unless bx/in vivo)
Establish criteria for modifying
Select techniques for assessing emotion
21. Clinical Teaching/A-B Design evaluate effectiveness
final phase = same as baseline
22. Difference? Relearning by reintroducing without negative association?
Reintroducing stimuli while person is purposefully engaging in NEAR?