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The Digital Atheneum: New Techniques for Restoring, Searching and Editing Digital Collections

The Digital Atheneum project aims to develop new techniques for digital preservation, restoration, and presentation of damaged manuscripts. It focuses on digitization techniques, content-based searching, and restoration tools. The project also explores 3D scanning and illumination techniques to provide patrons with a realistic "look and feel" of non-planar materials. The goal is to enhance the digitization process and provide a textured 3D model to patrons.

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The Digital Atheneum: New Techniques for Restoring, Searching and Editing Digital Collections

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  1. The Digital Atheneum:New Techniques for Restoring, Searching and Editing Digital Collections W. Brent Seales Jim Griffioen Kevin S. Kiernan University of Kentucky

  2. The Digital Atheneum • Project Goals • Develop new techniques for digital preservation, restoration, and presentation of damaged manuscripts • University of Kentucky Principal Investigators: • Jim Griffioen and Brent Seales (Computer Science) • Kevin Kiernan (English) • Partners • The British Library • IBM

  3. Damaged Manuscripts • Problems: • Requires extensive editorial involvement • Manuscript is fragile • Single images mean little without metadata • Need new restoration tools and techniques

  4. Research Areas • Digitization techniques • 3D shape • many types of illumination • Content-based searching and access • Extensible/flexible editorial tools • Distributed execution of tools and services • Restoration techniques • Mosaicing • Digital flattening/shape visualization

  5. Illumination Techniques Visible light, Ultraviolet light, Laser scanning, Fiber-optic back-lighting

  6. Three-Dimensional Scanning • Digital photography is used to provide patrons electronic facsimiles of library materials • 2D images do not provide shape information • Insufficient in providing a realistic “look and feel” of non-planar materials • We present a technique that augments current digitization setups to acquire 3D information

  7. Digitization of Materials Special Collections: Culturally significant, unique, damaged, restricted materials Patrons are passionate about the look and feel of the original Want more than just “textual content” It is typical to provide the patron images alone (no 3D information)

  8. Digitizing “Manuscripts” • We address digitization of manuscripts and similar objects • Objects are ill-suited for flat-bed scanners • Photographed with digital camera

  9. fsjerjwee ael Worjt ileke sldkfj Mwiee kerlkerlk <wiel Wmekle wle e Wmeiwlwl wlwle Michae S. Brown is one cool dude and you wilsd asd -00 A Typical Digitization Setup • High-resolution digital camera • Camera positioned above the “artifact” • Image is captured

  10. Multiple Lighting Conditions • Common to illuminate same object under several lighting conditions Natural fsjerjwee ael Worjt ileke sldkfj Mwiee kerlkerlk <wiel Wmekle wle e Wmeiwlwl wlwle Michae S. Brown is one cool dude and you wilsd asd -00 A

  11. Multiple Lighting Conditions • Common to illuminate same object under several lighting conditions White fsjerjwee ael Worjt ileke sldkfj Mwiee kerlkerlk <wiel Wmekle wle e Wmeiwlwl wlwle Michae S. Brown is one cool dude and you wilsd asd -00 fsjerjwee ael Worjt ileke sldkfj Mwiee kerlkerlk <wiel Wmekle wle e Wmeiwlwl wlwle Michae S. Brown is one cool dude and you wilsd asd -00 A A

  12. Multiple Lighting Conditions • Common to illuminate same object under several lighting conditions UV fsjerjwee ael Worjt ileke sldkfj Mwiee kerlkerlk <wiel Wmekle wle e Wmeiwlwl wlwle Michae S. Brown is one cool dude and you wilsd asd -00 fsjerjwee ael Worjt ileke sldkfj Mwiee kerlkerlk <wiel Wmekle wle e Wmeiwlwl wlwle Michae S. Brown is one cool dude and you wilsd asd -00 fsjerjwee ael Worjt ileke sldkfj Mwiee kerlkerlk <wiel Wmekle wle e Wmeiwlwl wlwle Michae S. Brown is one cool dude and you wilsd asd -00 A A A

  13. Limitation of 2D imagery When imaging non-flat objects Objects can appear crinkled or warped Difficult to disambiguate if the warping is part of the original or an artifact of the object’s shape 2D imagery is limited in what it can convey to the patron

  14. Beyond 2D images With non-planar materials 2D images can prove insufficient in providing “look and feel” 3D representations provide better electronic facsimiles Goal: provide a textured 3D model to patron

  15. Our Goal • Provide a 3D acquisition system that can be integrated into current digitization setup • Curator decides when to acquire “3D” • Otherwise operates as usual • No special-purpose equipment • Uses equipment already available • Minimum overhead

  16. y z x 3D Acquisition setup for library materials • Introduce a light projector • Projector mathematics behaves same as camera • Projector and camera are used to triangulate 3D points on the artifact’s surface • A 3D model can be acquired (and 2D image)

  17. Current Implementation • Prototype system • Uses standard NTSC camera (low-resolution) • XGA light projector (1024x768) • Mirror is used to direct the light onto the materials • Camera and projector are controlled from the same computer (provides synchronization) • Produces 3D model with several textures

  18. Current Implementation • Acquisition Timing • 5 minutes to calibrate • 1-3 minutes per object • Can scan several objects after calibration • Scan Density • typically less than 0.5mm along projector X&Y • Accuracy • 0.25mm Results with low-resolution camera

  19. ResultsMaterials from U. Kentucky’s Special Collection Non-planar materials 13th century wax seals Washington Coin Book binding (inset)

  20. Editing and Searching Content • Data components to manage: • Images • Text (transcription, edition) • Glossaries • Metadata • Embedded content

  21. Toolkit Objectives • Integrated interface • visualization • editing/creation • content-based search • Adaptable to new problem domains • Extensible • Distributed • Collaborative (multi-user access)

  22. Distributed Service-base Architecture • The set of services can be easily modified and extended • Base Services • SQL-style DB service, Image and Transcript viewer/editor service, Correspondence service, Display service, Access/Security service • Example Extended Services • Navigation services, Template-based Image Search services, Model-based Search services, Enhancement and Restoration services, Glossary services, Annotation service, ... • Current implementation based on Java/Jini allows services to be run locally or at the server

  23. The Editor’s Tool - Example

  24. The Editor’s Tool (1)

  25. The Editor’s Tool (2)

  26. The Editor’s Tool (3)

  27. The Editor’s Tool (4)

  28. The Editor’s Tool (5)

  29. The Editor’s Tool (6)

  30. The Editor’s Tool (7)

  31. The Editor’s Tool (8)

  32. The Editor’s Tool (9)

  33. The Editor’s Tool (10)

  34. The Editor’s Tool (11)

  35. Future Work • Digitize British Library Cottonian collection • Enhance content-based search functionality • Integrate 3D data • Develop restoration techniques

  36. The Digital Atheneum:New Techniques for Restoring, Searching and Editing Digital Collections www.digitalatheneum.org University of Kentucky

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