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Major features of the Milky Way and the Universe

Major features of the Milky Way and the Universe. The Universe is infinite. The Universe. A galaxy is a large group of stars bound together by gravity. There are three kinds of galaxies. Spiral. Irregular. Elliptical. Some spiral galaxies. Pictures by the Hubble Space Telescope.

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Major features of the Milky Way and the Universe

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  1. Major features of the Milky Way and the Universe

  2. The Universe is infinite. The Universe

  3. A galaxy is a large group of stars bound together by gravity.

  4. There are three kinds of galaxies. Spiral Irregular Elliptical

  5. Some spiral galaxies Pictures by the Hubble Space Telescope

  6. Notice the individual stars in the picture. They are not part of the galaxy in the picture but part of our own Milky Way Galaxy.

  7. Elliptical galaxies

  8. Irregular galaxies no specific shape.

  9. Our Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral galaxy. We think! This is not really a picture of our galaxy – just one that looks like what we think our galaxy is like!

  10. Top view Side view

  11. Every star we see in the night sky is in our own galaxy. The Milky Way is estimated to have 200 billion stars.

  12. Current estimate of the age of the universe is 13.7 billion years. The solar system is 4.6 billion years old. The solar system is not the same age as the entire universe.

  13. A constellation is a group of stars than appear to be together but are not. They seem to form a picture in the sky. People use them to find their way around the sky like someone using objects to get from place to place.

  14. To measure the distances in space, astronomers use a light year. A light year is the DISTANCE light travels in one year. One light year is equal to a little under 6 trillion miles! (6,000,000,000,000) Proxima Centauri is the closest star to our solar system. It is about 4 light years away. Going the speed of light it would take us 4 years to get there. Traveling as fast as the average spaceship, it would take between 70,000 and 100,000 years to get there! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewGsiUPeBD4

  15. Life cycle of a star -Vocabulary Nebula – A large cloud of gas and dust in space, spread out in immense volume. Protostar – A contracting cloud of gas and dust with enough mass to form a star. White Dwarf– A blue-white hot core of a star that is left behind after its outer layers have expanded and drifted out in space. Supernova – The brilliant explosion of a dying supergiant star. Neutron star – The small dense remains of a high mass star after a supernova.

  16. Types of Stars • Protostars • Medium sized stars • Red Giant stars • White Dwarfs • Massive Stars • Supernovas • Neutron Stars

  17. Supergiant Giant Medium sized White dwarf Neutron star Star sizes

  18. Comparison of our sun with a white dwarf and a neutron star.

  19. Star color Determined by surface temperature. Hottest are blue – coolest are red. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IurFmd8xDe0

  20. Protostars Gravity pulls huge nebulas of hydrogen gas and dust into a single spinning cloud. The particles crash into each other Matter heats up to about 15 million degrees. H H Fusion begins….. The mass begins to shine brightly. A star is born!

  21. Life cycle of a star This is when a star forms and it begins its “life.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnzRUYSiCnc

  22. Medium-Sized Stars Hydrogen fuel is fused into helium at the star’s core until the hydrogen is used up. He H H The core shrinks, heats up, & releases energy. H The star heats, expands, reddens and becomes a …… Red Giant

  23. Planetary Nebula These drifting gases form a nebula ring around the star. The star is dying. It grows fainter and fainter. Gravity causes its matter to collapse inward. The star is squeezed into a……

  24. …….a White Dwarf star. • Are super dense stars with a carbon core. • size of our (Our sun’s) sun has been squeezed into the size of the earth.

  25. When a star runs out of fuel, it dies. So a star has a life similar to a battery that cannot be recharged. When the battery runs out of energy, it is finished. Our sun will run out of energy and it will be finished too. But this will not happen for another 5 billion years! Let’s take another look into complete life cycle of a medium sized star, like our own Sun….

  26. Life cycle of our sun We are now here

  27. Massive Stars • Has about 6 times as much mass as our sun. • Burn hydrogen at first. • Redden as their helium core forms. • Become Red supergiants. • Start expanding.

  28. A Supernova happens ! The entire sky lit up for weeks. explosion! http://www.maniacworld.com/Crab-Supernova-Explosion.html

  29. After the supernova explosion of a star, a neutron star remains.. It’s diameter is only about 16 Km. It’s size is only about that of a chunk of a sugar cube

  30. The core’s gravity is so strong that even light can’t escape. The core has become ……a….. A Black Hole Another look at the life cycle of a star...

  31. This diagram follows the life of both large and average stars. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoLvOvGW3Tk

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