CHAPTER 20 AMERICA AND WORLD WAR II

1. CHAPTER 20AMERICA AND WORLD WAR II SECTION 1 MOBILIZING FOR WAR

2. Bell Work April 22, 2013 • Get worksheet from the back table (WWII crossword puzzle). • Do this for bell work…this is due for a grade! You have 15 minutes!

3. Come in and sit down. Get your study guides out and study!! You have Ten minutes!!!!

4. Bellwork • Get out your Chapter 19 and 20 study guide. Begin working on these if you do not already have it completed. If you have already completed the study guides … then I want you studying!!!!

5. Bell work • Pick up the rest of your chapter 17 notes from the back table. • Also, pick up the two guided reading worksheets and get started working on these.

6. Pick up a map from the table • Select one colored pencil and follow directions on the map. • Use a pen or pencil to label the map. You have 10 minutes to finish!! Get busy!!!

7. Bellwork • Get out both WWII maps (Aggression in Europe and WWII in the Pacific). Make sure that both maps are labeled right!! If you have not finished both maps, make sure you get them finished!!

8. Dramatic contributions • Industrial output was tremendous • Twice as much as Germans • 5 times as much as Japanese • In 4 years the US was able to fight and win a war on 2 fronts against 2 powerful military empires • Cost Plus Contracts - - - • Reconstruction Finance Corporation-paid businesses to structure their factories to make war materials

9. Industrial response • Automobile factories converted to tank production • Also produced rifles, mines, helmets, pontoon bridges, pots… • Nearly 1/3 of military equipment was produced by the auto industry • Henry Ford created an assembly line to make the B-24 Bomber

10. Building Liberty Ships • Henry Kaizer’s(industrialist)shipyards built cargo ships(Liberty ships) • Cargo ships transported tankers, troops, and “baby” aircraft. • 1942-4 days to build a ship • 1945- build a ship a day • Most were welded not riveted • Harder to sink

11. War Production Board • Created to set priorities and production goals • Controlled distribution of raw materials • OFFICE OF WAR MOBILIZATION • Created to settle disputes between agencies

12. Building an Army • Japan claimed to reduce the US to a third rate power • When Germany invaded Poland FDR worked to increase our military • SELECTIVE SERVICE AND TRAINING ACT • Established the first peace time draft

13. You’re in the Army Now! (or Navy) • Training facilities were flooded with draftees and volunteers • Draftees were given physicals and vaccinations and uniforms…. • GI • Basic Training created units not individuals

14. Segregated Army • Trained separately • Served in segregated units • Most were kept out of combat • Things would be worse if Hitler won!!!

15. African Americans in Combat • Tuskegee Airmen • African Americans in combat did very well!! Some were highly decorated • 1943 – bases integrated • 1948 – Truman fully integrated the military

16. Pushing for a Double “V” • African Americans started a campaign to unite • First defeat Hitler’s racism and then end racism in the US • FDR ordered military to recruit African Americans and use them in combat • BENJAMIN O. DAVIS – appointed by FDR to rank of Brigadier General

17. Tuskegee Airmen

18. Women in the Armed Forces • Women enlisted but were kept from combat • Woman’s Army Auxiliary Corps • Not a part of the regular army – women got mad • Woman’s Army Corps replaced WAAC

19. Americans Go to War • US suffered the fewest casualties of all major powers involved in war • US soldiers did not adopt the “spit and polish” European style

20. Minority Groups • 1 million African American’s join-segregated units. Most were willing to fight. • More than 13,000 Chinese American’s join. • Chinese Exclusion Act-Repealed 1943. • 33,000 Japanese American’s volunteered to serve as spies and interpreters in Pacific. • 25,000 Native Americans

21. CHAPTER 20SECTION 3 LIFE ON THE HOMEFRONT

22. Labor’s contribution • WWII created 10 million jobs. • Salaries doubled • Employers hired woman and minorities • More than 6 million workers were women. GOOD BYE DEPRESSION!!

23. World War II created 19 million jobs and many salaries doubled!!! • GOOD BYE DEPRESSION  • To fill the new jobs employers hired women and minorities • Women began to work in the defense plants • Rosie the Riveter

24. African Americans demand war work • Factories resisted • A. Philip Randolph-President of R.R. Union-Brotherhood of Sleeping Car porters (1925) • FDR issued an Executive Order • No discrimination in the work place

25. Mexicans become farm workers • Bracero Program

26. War Time Migration • Where are the jobs? • cities • What is just ending? • Great Depression • What happens to the population? • The move where the jobs are!!!! • The Sun Belt • Most headed south and west to the new industrial region

27. Housing Crisis • All this movement caused a housing shortage in the cities • Tents and trailers

28. Racism Explodes • Great Migration picks back up • Competition for jobs • Detroit 1943 • June • Black and White girls • 25 9 killed • Still committed to “Double V”

29. Zoot Suit Riots • 1943 • Los Angeles

30. Japanese American Relocation • When Pearl Harbor was attacked Americans turned against Japanese living in the US • Executive Order 9066 • Internment Camps • Neisi • Korematsu vs. US • Japanese in the war effort • 1988 – Ronald Reagan

31. Japanese Internment camps • 120,000 Japanese Americans living in the U.S. • Most on the West Coast • 1942 War Dept.-mass evacuation of all Japanese Amer. From Hawaii. • Were forced to live on internment camps. • 19% of Hawaii’s Jap. American population

32. Japanese in the War effort • Thousands of Japanese Americans joined the war effort-felt betrayed. • No evidence found that Jap Americans were spies. • Japs fight for justice in courts and congress.

33. 1988-Ronald Reagan • Signs a bill that promised $20,000 to every Jap American that suffered internment.

34. Federal Gov’t takes control • Office of Economic Stabilization • Regulated wages and prices of farm products • Office of Price Administration • Targeted inflation • Regulated wages on everything except farm products • War Labor Board • Tried to prevent strikes

35. Rationing • To make sure our troops had what they needed the Office of Price Administration started rationing certain goods • Buying rationed items required • Money • Proper number of correct stamps • Other rations • Speed limits - Gasoline • Restricted driving

36. Victory Gardens

37. Scrap Drives

38. Paying for the War • Small tax increase • War Bonds W A R B O N D S

39. Hollywood • Hollywood helps in mobilization • Produced war movies to motivate people to join military. • Some movies would stir up hatred against Nazis.

40. Mobilization of Scientists • Office of Science Research Development (OSRD) est. 1941 by FDR. • New technology: • Radar and Sonar • Pesticides-DDT fight insects • Penicillin-saved countless lives • Atomic Bomb-1942 research conducted at Columbia University in Manhattan. • Manhattan Project

41. BELL WORK On a piece of paper identify the following: 1.When did World War II begin? 2.When did the US get involved? 3.Why did the US get involved? 4.Do you know someone that was alive during World War II?

42. Section 2 • TehThe Early Battles

43. Admiral Chester Nimitz • Commander of the US Navy in the Pacific • Began planning attack against Japan • Had to use aircraft carriers

44. JAPANESE ADVANCES In the first six months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquered land in Asia and in the Pacific. Japan had so much land, Hitler’s Empire looked tiny! Japan even took two Alaskan Islands! Admiral Chester Nimitz Commander of US Navy in the Pacific Began planning attack against the Japanese Navy using aircraft carriers

45. General Douglas Mac Arthur Japan attacked Philippines 2 hours after Pearl Harbor Mac Arthur is the US Commander in the Pacific Bataan Peninsula Defended Philippines for 3 months Ordered to withdraw by FDR

46. Bataan Death March

47. Bataan Death March

48. Bataan Death March

49. Bataan Death March

50. Doolittle Planned the “Pearl Harbor” style attack on Japan