1 / 45

Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle

Chapter 8. Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle. Section 8.1 Section 8.2 Section 8.3. Cellular Transport. Section 8.1. Movements across the plasma membrane can be divided into two groups!. Passive Transport Active Transport.

samara
Download Presentation

Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 8 Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle Section 8.1 Section 8.2 Section 8.3

  2. Cellular Transport Section 8.1

  3. Movements across the plasma membrane can be divided into two groups! • Passive Transport • Active Transport

  4. Active- always low to high conc.- NEEDS energy 1. Endocytosis2. Exocytosis Passive- always high to low conc.- does not require energy 1. Diffusion (simple)2. Osmosis3. Facilitated diffusion

  5. Diffusion- movement of particles from an area of higher concentration (more particles) to an area of lower concentration (less particles) until an equal concentration is met

  6. 1. Simple Diffusion • Diffusion of particles by using channel proteins • Does not require energy • Movement of small molecules like CO2 and O2 Visit www.unitedstreaming.com and search for the video titled Cells the Building Blocks of Life and view the segment called Cell Membrane: Diffusion

  7. 2. Facilitated diffusion – passive transport of material across the plasma membrane with the aid of transport proteins • Diffusion with the help of carrier proteins • Movement of large molecules like glucose

  8. 3. Osmosis – diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane What’s going to happen in this picture? (Blue in water and Green in salt) http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/osmosis.jpg

  9. Water is always trying to reach an equal concentration between a cell and its environment http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/osmosis.jpg

  10. Osmosis – diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/osmosis.jpg

  11. One factor that controls osmosis is a concentration gradient. • Concentration Gradient – an unequal distribution of particles • The greater the concentration gradient, the more likely osmosis will occur

  12. Three types of solutions: • Isotonic solution – the concentration of dissolved particles in thesolution is the same as the number of dissolved particles in thecell -“ Iso” – means same, like an isosceles triangle (two sides are the same length)

  13. 2. Hypotonic solution – the concentration of dissolved particles in the solution is lessthan the number of dissolved particles in the cell - “hypo” means low, as in hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

  14. 3. Hypertonic solution – the concentration of dissolved particles in the solution is more than the number of dissolved particles in the cell - “hyper” means high, as in hyperactive (over excited)

  15. What’s important about osmosis?How does it affect our cells? • Our cells holds 0.9% salt, NO MORE NO LESS • Any solution that is = 0.9% is an isotonic solution to our cells • Any solution that is > 0.9% is a hypertonic solution to our cells • Any solution that is < 0.9% is a hypotonic solution to our cells

  16. A simple rule to remember is:SALT SUCKS • Salt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside or outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction. This is also why you get thirsty after eating something salty.

  17. www.esu7.org/~lweb/Lakeview/science/sea.htm

  18. Active- always low to high conc.- NEEDS energy - NOT diffusion1. Endocytosis2. Exocytosis Passive- always high to low conc.- does not require energy 1. Diffusion (simple)2. Osmosis3. Facilitated diffusion Visit www.unitedstreaming.com and search for the video titled Cells the Building Blocks of Life and view the segment called Cell Membrane: Active Transport

  19. 1. Endocytosis – process by which a cell surrounds (with vacuole) and takes in large molecules or groups of molecules • ENDO – means “in” to the cell

  20. 2. Exocytosis – process in which a cell expulses or secretes materials from cell • Exo – means “exit” or excrete • Used when cells need to expel wastes • Used when cell need to secrete hormones

  21. http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/biology107/bi107vc/fa99/terry/images/ExocyAnA.gifhttp://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/biology107/bi107vc/fa99/terry/images/ExocyAnA.gif

  22. Cell Growth and Reproduction Section 8.2

  23. The Cell Cycle- sequence of growth (interphase) and division (mitosis) of one cell START HERE http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/cellcycle.gif

  24. MITOSIS The process in which cells divide and create two daughter cells with the same genetic material as the parent cell

  25. Phases of Mitosis: • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  26. 1. PROPHASE • Longest phase • Sister chromatids appear and are held together by a centromere http://www.fatherryan.org/academic/schmidtl/BioIchapt%208%20notes_files/image004.jpg

  27. Centrioles –located outside the nucleus www.google.com/images

  28. Spindle fibers form • Nucleus starts to disappear www.google.com/images

  29. www.google.com/images

  30. Shortest phase • Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers by their centromere and line up in the middle www.google.com/images

  31. Sister chromatids are pulled apart www.google.com/images

  32. www.google.com/images

  33. Spindle begins to break down • New nuclei begin to form www.google.com/images

  34. CYTOKINESIS • End of telophase • The division of cytoplasm to form two new cells www.google.com/images Or

  35. Tissues • Group of cells that begin to work together http://washington.uwc.edu/about/faculty/schaefer_w/TISSUES/fibrous_connective_tissue_tendon.jpg

  36. ORGAN • Group of tissues designed to perform a specific function http://www.yankeetown.org/plangley/7.html

  37. ORGAN SYSTEMS • Group of organs that work together http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC063547/urinarysystem.html

  38. Control of the Cell Cycle Section 8.3

  39. I. Normal Control of the Cell Cycle A. Enzymes Control the Cell Cycle • Necessary to begin and drive the cell cycle, and control the cycle through it’s phases • Uncontrolled dividing comes from failure in the production enzymes • Cancer – one result of uncontrolled cell division

  40. Enzymes are directed by genes located on the chromosomes • Gene – segment of DNA that controls the production of a protein • Several enzymes trigger DNA replication

  41. II. Cancer: A Mistake in the Cell Cycle Damaged genes are prompt into action Tumors – mass of cancer cells Metastasis – cancer cells can be seen in the circulatory system (spreads the cancer)

  42. Tumors can benign or malignant. Metastasis = Malignant http://blog.wired.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/05/22/metastasis.jpg

  43. Cancer • 2nd Leading cause of death in U.S.A. • Most prevalent – lung, colon, breast and prostate http://mbbnet.umn.edu/icons/cancercell.jpeg

  44. A. Causes of Cancer • Genetic • Environmental – cigarette smoke, air and water pollution, UV radiation • Viral infections that damage genes

  45. B. Cancer Prevention • Healthy Lifestyle • Low fat diets • High fiber diets (fruits, vegetables, and grain products) • Vitamins and Minerals (carontenoids, Vit A, C and E) • Daily exercise • Not using Tobacco Products

More Related