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Transfusion immunology

Transfusion immunology. Polyscacharide antigens of blood groups. Most important: ABO system. Antigens may be present in sec r etions and on surface of many endothelial and epitelial cells.

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Transfusion immunology

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  1. Transfusion immunology

  2. Polyscacharide antigens of blood groups • Most important: ABO system. • Antigens may be present in secretions and on surface of many endothelial and epitelial cells. • H substance - is a core structure of ABO antigens. Extremely rare are patients of Bombay phenotype - no H substance is present. • Antibodies are of IgM isotype, they are present even without antigen stimulation. • Minor blood groups: MN and Ss

  3. Proteine antigens of blood groups • The most important is Rh system • Antibodies are of IgG isotype. They develop only after antigenic stimulus. • “Small“ protein blood groups: Kelly, Lewis, Duffy

  4. Adverse reactions associated with transfusion • Hemolytic: headache, myalgia, nausea, fever. Hemoglobin casts are responsible for kidney failure. Shock may develop. • Febrile – antibodies against minor blood groups • Allergic: urticaria, sometimes bronchospasm, anaphylactic shockin the most severe cases. • TRALI syndrome: dyspnoea, cough soon after transfusion. Caused by thrombocyte aggregates in the lungs.

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