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Allison Plyer Nihal Shrinath Vicki Mack

The New Orleans Index at Ten. Measuring Greater New Orleans’ Progress toward Prosperity. Allison Plyer Nihal Shrinath Vicki Mack. Sources: http://www.metairie.com/Hurricane%20Katrina%20Photos/New%20Orleans/

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Allison Plyer Nihal Shrinath Vicki Mack

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  1. The New Orleans Index at Ten Measuring Greater New Orleans’ Progress toward Prosperity Allison Plyer NihalShrinath Vicki Mack

  2. Sources: http://www.metairie.com/Hurricane%20Katrina%20Photos/New%20Orleans/ http://www.rothkochapel.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=394%3Aa-tale-of-two-cities-from-the-superdome-to-the-astrodome&catid=1%3Apublic-programs&Itemid=65

  3. Metro New Orleans Dr. George Dr. Allison Plyer Ben

  4. “Weak City” Metros

  5. Aspirational Metros

  6. Summary • The metro New Orleans economy is taking first steps towards a new trajectory—with sustained job growth, an increasingly diverse set of industry clusters, and high rates of entrepreneurship. • In metro New Orleans, employment and income disparities between African Americans and whites are starker than national disparities, and poverty is increasing in surrounding parishes—undermining social cohesion and resilience capacity across the region. • New Orleans has seen a surge in youth investments, increased convictions of public corruption, and much needed reductions in crime and improvements in schools—all of which may yield increased community competence and problem-solving capacity in the years ahead. • Expanding bike lanes point to greater appreciation for sustainability. But disappearing wetlands and encroaching salinity put a spotlight on the importance of coastal restoration and urban water management.

  7. Economic Growth • The metro New Orleans economy is taking first steps towards a new trajectory—with sustained job growth, an increasingly diverse set of industry clusters, and high rates of entrepreneurship. • In metro New Orleans, employment and income disparities between African Americans and whites are starker than national disparities, and poverty is increasing in surrounding parishes—undermining social cohesion and resilience capacity across the region. • New Orleans has seen a surge in youth investments, increased convictions of public corruption, and much needed reductions in crime and improvements in schools—all of which may yield increased community competence and problem-solving capacity in the years ahead. • Expanding bike lanes point to greater appreciation for sustainability. But disappearing wetlands and encroaching salinity put a spotlight on the importance of coastal restoration and urban water management.

  8. Source: The Data Center analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. By 2014, metro New Orleans had reached 5 percent above its 2008, pre-recession jobs level, while the nation reached only 1 percent above its 2008 level. 15

  9. For every “traded” or “export” job there are two local/government jobs. And traded clusters typically have higher average wages than local/government clusters. JOBS METRO NEW ORLEANS, 2014 AVERAGE ANNUAL WAGES METRO NEW ORLEANS, 2014 16 Source: The Data Center analysis of data from EMSI and The U.S. Cluster Mapping Project.

  10. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from EMSI, The U.S. Cluster Mapping Project, and Moody’s Analytics. Jobs in knowledge-based clusters have grown substantially since 2010 including in construction products & services (an essential part of the water management cluster), video production, and electric power generation, which have grown 14%, 90%, and 22% respectively. 17

  11. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from EMSI and The U.S. Cluster Mapping Project. Local clusters naturally rise and fall in relation to population increases and declines. Most pay lower than average wages. 19

  12. Following Katrina, average wages in metro New Orleans rose to meet the national average for the first time since 1985, but have since slipped to 4 percent below. 20 Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the Regional Economic Information System, BEA data.

  13. Productivity in metro New Orleans has been consistently higher than the U.S., and it grew even higher post-Karina, to 58% above the U.S. by 2013. 21 Source: The Data Center Analysis of data from Moody’s Economy.com Database (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: CES, QCEW; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis).

  14. Source: The Data Center Analysis of data from Air Carrier Statistics Database, Office of Airline Information, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. New Orleans airport traffic rebounded well from the Great Recession and has grown 22 percent since 2008, well above most aspirational metros and the nation. 22

  15. Source: The Data Center Analysis of data from Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity. Note: Data is not available for eight of the 57 “weak city” metros. Business starts-ups have dipped post recession, but metro New Orleans rates continue to exceed national rates by 64 percent and aspirational metros by 40 percent. 23

  16. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from Mattermark, the U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & Population Estimates 2006-2009, 2011-2014. Venture capital funding has doubled in metro New Orleans from $16 per capita in 2010 to $32 in 2014, but is only a fraction of that in competitive metro Austin. 24

  17. Sources: The Data Center analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & American Community Survey 2013. By 2013, only 27 percent of adults in metro New Orleans had at least a 4-year degree compared to 30 percent nationwide. 25

  18. Source: The Data Center analysis of data fromState Higher Education Executive Officers’ Association’s State Higher Education Finance: FY 2014 Report. In 2003, LA’s appropriations per full time enrollment—at $8,886 (in 2014$)—were 14% below the nation. By 2014, funding had fallen to $5,127—22% below the nation. 26

  19. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from Moody's Analytics (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: CES, QCEW). Job centers have shifted across the region. Parishes upriver and on the north shore are now home to 24 percent of all the metro’s jobs. 27

  20. Inclusion • The metro New Orleans economy is taking first steps towards a new trajectory—with sustained job growth, an increasingly diverse set of industry clusters, and high rates of entrepreneurship. • In metro New Orleans, employment and income disparities between African Americans and whites are starker than national disparities, and poverty is increasing in surrounding parishes—undermining social cohesion and resilience capacity across the region. • New Orleans has seen a surge in youth investments, increased convictions of public corruption, and much needed reductions in crime and improvements in schools—all of which may yield increased community competence and problem-solving capacity in the years ahead. • Expanding bike lanes point to greater appreciation for sustainability. But disappearing wetlands and encroaching salinity put a spotlight on the importance of coastal restoration and urban water management.

  21. Sources: The Data Center analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & American Community Survey 2013. Median household income for whites in metro New Orleans is on par with whites nationally. But income for blacks in 2013 was 20 percent lower than blacks nationally, and thus 54 lower than whites locally. 29

  22. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & American Community Survey 2013. In metro New Orleans, smaller shares of white and black adults regardless of gender, have bachelor’s degrees than in aspirational metros. 31

  23. While employment for white males in the N. O. metro is on par with aspirational metros at 77% , black male employment at 57% is below aspirational metros (62%) and has not significantly increased since 2000. Employment rates differ by race and gender. XXX 33 Source: The Data Center analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & American Community Survey 2013.

  24. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. 33

  25. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics: Annual Survey of Jails; Prisoners Series; U.S. Census Bureau: Population Estimates Program. Despite significant decreases post-Katrina, jail incarceration rates in Orleans Parish more than twice as high as the national rate as of 2013. 34

  26. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & American Community Survey 2013; U.S. Census Bureau Historical Income Tables: Households; HUD Fair Market Rents. The percent of the city’s households that are middle and upper class has increased from 44 to 46 since 1999, but 53 percent have income in the two lowest national quintiles. 35

  27. The share of New Orleans’ white households in the top national income quintile grew from 25% in 1999 to 30% in 2013. Black households saw increases only in the lowest income quintile.  37

  28. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census and American Community Survey, 2010 & 2013. New Orleans is more unequal than the national average. The ratio of the income of the top 95% of households to the bottom 20% is 15:1 in New Orleans. It’s 9:1 for the U.S. 39

  29. Source: The Data Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & American Community Survey 2013. The share of the metro’s poor that lives in suburbs continues to expand, rising from 46 percent in 1999 to 59 percent by 2013. 41

  30. Quality of Life • The metro New Orleans economy is taking first steps towards a new trajectory—with sustained job growth, an increasingly diverse set of industry clusters, and high rates of entrepreneurship. • In metro New Orleans, employment and income disparities between African Americans and whites are starker than national disparities, and poverty is increasing in surrounding parishes—undermining social cohesion and resilience capacity across the region. • New Orleans has seen a surge in youth investments, increased convictions of public corruption, and much needed reductions in crime and improvements in schools—all of which may yield increased community competence and problem-solving capacity in the years ahead. • Expanding bike lanes point to greater appreciation for sustainability. But disappearing wetlands and encroaching salinity put a spotlight on the importance of coastal restoration and urban water management.

  31. Sources: The Data Center analysis of data from National Center for Charitable Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program. Total revenues for arts and culture nonprofits have grown to $428 per capita — roughly four times greater than revenues for arts and culture nonprofits nationally. Total revenues for arts and culture nonprofits have grown to $428 per capita — roughly four times greater than revenues for arts and culture nonprofits nationally. 43

  32. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the National Center for Charitable Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. The revenues to youth serving nonprofits in New Orleans have doubled since 2004 to $85 per capita, much more than the $39 spent in Harris County (includes Houston). The revenues to youth serving nonprofits in New Orleans have doubled since 2004 to $85 per capita, much more than the $39 spent in Harris County (includes Houston). 47

  33. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from Louisiana Department of Education. Increasing shares of public school students across the metro attend schools that pass state standards. Orleans Parish has seen the greatest gains. Increasing shares of public school students across the metro attend schools that pass state standards. Orleans Parish has seen the greatest gains. 45

  34. 45

  35. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from Louisiana Department of Education; National Center for Education Statistics. But graduation rates indicate that a large share of students are dropping out before finishing high school – with graduation rates below 80 percent in 6 of 8 parishes. But graduation rates indicate that a large share of students are dropping out before finishing high school – with graduation rates below 80 percent in 6 of 8 parishes. 46

  36. Sources: The Data Center analysis of data from Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Crime in the United States and Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta analysis of data form FBI Criminal Justice Information System. In 2004 violent crime rates in New Orleans were twice the national average. By 2013, local and national violent crime rates had fallen by 17 and 21 percent respectively. In 2004 violent crime rates in New Orleans were twice the national average. By 2013, local and national violent crime rates had fallen by 17 and 21 percent respectively. 49

  37. 49

  38. Pre-Katrina, federal corruption convictions picked up pace. Per capita, New Orleans convictions at 12.1 exceeded comparison areas. The next closest was Houston with 9.1 convictions. Pre-Katrina, federal corruption convictions picked up pace. Per capita, New Orleans convictions at 12.1 exceeded comparison areas. The next closest was Houston with 9.1 convictions. 50 Sources: The Data Center analysis of data from U.S. Department of Justice, Public Integrity Section.

  39. Sources: The Data Center analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & American Community Survey 2004 and 2013. Fully 51 percent of renters in Orleans Parish pay unaffordable housing costs, significantly higher than 42 percent of renters nationally. Fully 51 percent of renters in Orleans Parish pay unaffordable housing costs, significantly higher than 42 percent of renters nationally. 53

  40. Sustainability • The metro New Orleans economy is taking first steps towards a new trajectory—with sustained job growth, an increasingly diverse set of industry clusters, and high rates of entrepreneurship. • In metro New Orleans, employment and income disparities between African Americans and whites are starker than national disparities, and poverty is increasing in surrounding parishes—undermining social cohesion and resilience capacity across the region. • New Orleans has seen a surge in youth investments, increased convictions of public corruption, and much needed reductions in crime and improvements in schools—all of which may yield increased community competence and problem-solving capacity in the years ahead. • Expanding bike lanes point to greater appreciation for sustainability. But disappearing wetlands and encroaching salinity put a spotlight on the importance of coastal restoration and urban water management.

  41. Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the Regional Planning Commission for Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, and St. Tammany Parishes. Bicycle lanes and pathways have increased more than eightfold in New Orleans — now at 92.4 miles compared to the 10.7 miles that existed in 2004. Bicycle lanes and pathways have increased more than eightfold in New Orleans — now at 92.4 miles compared to the 10.7 miles that existed in 2004. 55

  42. The share of commuters using public transit in New Orleans is only 7 percent in 2013, down from 13 percent in 2000. The share of commuters using public transit in New Orleans is only 7 percent in 2013, down from 13 percent in 2000. Sources: The Data Center analysis of data from U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & American Community Survey 2006, 2011 and 2013. 56

  43. Air Quality Source: The Data Center analysis of data from U.S. EPA Air Quality System Air Quality Index Report. During the three-year period ending in 2013, metro New Orleans experienced twice as many “unhealthy” air quality days as Houston. During the three-year period ending in 2013, metro New Orleans experienced twice as many “unhealthy” air quality days as Houston. 57

  44. Fully 29 percent of the coastal wetlands that protect metro New Orleans have converted to open water since 1932. Fully 29 percent of the coastal wetlands that protect metro New Orleans have converted to open water since 1932. Sources: Brady Couvillion, John Barras, Gregory Steyer, William Sleavin, Michelle Fischer, Holly Beck, Nadine Trahan, Brad Griffin, and David Heckman, “Land area change in coastal Louisiana from 1932 to 2010,” U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3164, (2011). Note: 1932 and 1956 land area data are derived from a different source of imagery than later years. Thus, there are issues of comparability with these time frames. 61

  45. Water quality Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. SALINITY OF GROUNDWATER AT SELECT SAMPLING SITES CHLORIDE, DISSOLVED, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 59

  46. Water quality Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. SALINITY OF GROUNDWATER AT SELECT SAMPLING SITES CHLORIDE, DISSOLVED, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 59

  47. Water quality Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. SALINITY OF GROUNDWATER AT SELECT SAMPLING SITES CHLORIDE, DISSOLVED, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 59

  48. Water quality Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. SALINITY OF GROUNDWATER AT SELECT SAMPLING SITES CHLORIDE, DISSOLVED, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 59

  49. Water quality Source: The Data Center analysis of data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. Saltwater is encroaching within the levee walls, with eight of nine groundwater sample sites registering increasing salinity. SALINITY OF GROUNDWATER AT SELECT SAMPLING SITES CHLORIDE, DISSOLVED, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 59

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