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COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD. PLASMA. LIQUID portion of blood Makes up 55% of the blood volume. PLASMA HAS 6 MAJOR COMPONENTS. 1)___ WATER_________________ 2) Plasma Proteins __FIBRINOGEN___________ Necessary for blood clotting Made in the liver __ALBUMIN______________

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COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

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  1. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

  2. PLASMA • LIQUID portion of blood • Makes up 55%of the blood volume

  3. PLASMA HAS 6 MAJOR COMPONENTS 1)___WATER_________________ 2) Plasma Proteins __FIBRINOGEN___________ Necessary for blood clotting Made in the liver __ALBUMIN______________ Helps maintain the blood’s volume & osmotic pressure Made in the liver ___GLOBULIN____________ Helps synthesize antibodies Assists in blood clotting Made in the liver & by the lymphatic system 3)__NUTRIENTS______________ Absorbed from food in the digestive tract 4)____ELECTROLYTES______________   Electrically charged particles that determine fluid balance and acid base balance Absorbed from food in the digestive tract Also produced by chemical processes in the body 2 most abundant electrolytes are sodium and potassium 5)___HORMONES, VITAMINS & ENZYMES___ All help the body control its chemical reactions 6)___METABOLIC WASTE PRODUCTS______ Carried in the plasma to the excretory organs

  4. RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC’S) Also called ___ERYTHROCYTES______________ Shape = _BI-CONCAVE, DISC SHAPED___

  5. RBC FUNCTIONS Function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body • RBC’s cannot perform this function without the red pigment called ____HEMOGLOBIN______ • Heme = IRON • Globin = PROTEIN • Each red blood cell contains __SEVERAL MILLION_molecules of hemoglobin • Hemoglobin helps RBC’s transport __OXYGEN_______from the lungs to the tissues • Oxygen + Hemoglobin = ___OXYHEMOGLOBIN____________ • ____CARBON MONOXIDE__(CO) binds quickly to hemoglobin in the same place that oxygen does – eventually all the hemoglobin in the body is carrying CO instead of O2 and the person dies

  6. HEMOGLOBIN

  7. MAKING NEW RBC’S Manufacture of RBC’s = __ERYTHROPOIESIS_ • Erythropoiesis occurs in the red ___MARROW__of the bones • RBC’s live for ___~120 DAYS___________ • Old RBC’s are broken down by the __SPLEEN____and the __LIVER____ • The _HEME___(iron) from the old RBC’s is used to make new RBC’s

  8. UNIQUE RBC FACTS RBC’s are __ENUCLEATED_which means they have no nucleus __HEMOLYSIS____is the bursting or rupture of an RBC • Occurs d/t blood transfusion reaction or other disease process

  9. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC’S) Also called ___LEUKOCYTES______________ _MUCH LARGER_________than RBC’s Shape = __VARIES!!!__________________ Manufactured in __RED BONE MARROW____and in __LYMPHATIC TISSUE_____________ Function: provides body’s natural __DEFENSE_against injury & disease

  10. WHITE BLOOD CELL

  11. 5 TYPES OF WBC’S 1)___NEUTROPHILS_______________ • Also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes • Assist infection control by ___PHAGOCYTOSIS____ • Surround, engulf, and digests harmful bacteria 2)____LYMPHOCYTES______________ • Synthesize and release ___ANTIBODY___molecules • Antibodies attach themselves to pathogens & render them useless • Also helps to protect against the formation of _CANCER__cells 3)____EOSINOPHILS_______________ • Also perform ____PHAGOCYTOSIS_______ • Surround, engulf, and digests the antibody-pathogen complexes • Also increases in great numbers during __ALLERGIC_____reactions 4)__BASOPHILS_________________ • Numbers increase during the __INFLAMMATORY__ process and during __CHRONIC___ infections • Produce __HISTAMINE__ which is a vasodilator • Produces _HEPARIN_ which is an anticoagulant 5)__MONOCYTES______________ • Assist in __PHAGOCYTOSIS_ of harmful bacteria • Able to leave blood vessels and attach themselves to tissues – this process is called ___DIAPEDESIS_____ • This process allows the monocytes to wall off and __ISOLATE___ the infected area to prevent it from __SPREADING____

  12. PLATELETS • Also called _THROMBOCYTES______ • __SMALLEST__solid component of blood • Shape = __OVOID___________ • Manufactured in the _RED BONE MARROW_of the bones • Platelets are ___NOT__cells – they are just fragments

  13. PLATELETS

  14. PLATELETS FUNCTION • Function is to initiate the ___CLOTTING__process to prevent excessive bleeding • Platelets product sticky projecting structures which help “plug” the bleeding area • Also secrete a chemical called ___SEROTIN__which causes the blood vessel to __SPASM____and __NARROW_until the blood slows down enough to clot • Old platelets eventually disintegrate in the ___BONE MARROW__

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