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Learn how to transform direct speech into indirect speech with verb tense changes, pronoun shifts, and more. Understand the rules for questions and imperatives. Explore verbs of reporting and various verb structures for accurate reporting.
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Reported Speech Advanced By Denise D’Alessandro
Direct Speech: She said:”I work in a big school.” • Indirect Speech: She said (that) she worked in a big school.
Rules to transform Direct speech in Indirect (Reported) speechVerb Tense
She said:”I need you”. • She said (that) she needed me. • He said:”I worked a lot yesterday”. • He said (that) he had worked a lot the day before. verbo pronome verbo pronome outros
They said:”We have studied for the test with you”. • They said (that) they had studied for the test with me. • She said:”I will meet you here at seven”. • She said (that) she would meet me there at seven. verbo pronome pronome verbo outros
She said to me: ”I love you.” She told me (that) she loved me. Questions: She said:”Where is your father?” She asked wondered wanted to know where my father was. Observe:
Simple Questions • She said: “Do you know this women?” • She asked if I knew that women. • She said: “Have you done the exercises?” • She asked if I had done the exercises.
Imperative • He said to Peter:”Close the door.” He told Peter to close the door. • He said to Peter:”Come here.” He told Peter to go there. • He said to Peter:”Don’t do this.” He told Peter not to do that. Obs: He said to Peter:”Please, come here.” He asked Peter to go there.
Meaningful verbs of reporting • Say and Tell • Edson said that he didn’t understand what I said. • Antonio told me not to wake him up.
Verb + object + to – infinitive clause I encouraged Cesar to run for president in Paraguay. Other verbs used to report offers, orders, intentions, promises, and requests like this: Advise, ask, command, compel, expect, instruct, invite, order, persuade, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge and warn To use other reporting verbs we have to understand the text and the intended meaning of the speaker
Verb + to – infinitive clause Sami refused to give me the cell phone. Not – Sami refused me to give the cell phone. Other verbs like this include: Agree, ask, decide, demand, hope, offer, intend, plan, promise, refuse, swear, threaten.
Verb+ that clause or verb + to – infinitive Gabriel claimedthat he was innocent. Gabriel claimedto be innocent. Verbs like this include: Agree, demand, expect, guarantee, hope, mean, promise, propose, request, vow (jurar) Verb+ that clause There were cheers when the teacher suggestedthat we go home early. Verbs like this include: advise, believe, explain, feel, insist, order, reckon (supor), report, say, suggest.
Verb + preposition + object + that-clause I disagreed with Raynna that she should have lunch at school on Wednesdays. The school demanded of its teachers that they come to the next meeting. Other verbs like this are: admit, announce, argue, check, complain, confirm, explain, report, require, say, suggest.
To report that someone has suggested doing, use a reporting clause with advise, consider, propose, recommend orsuggestfollowed by an –ing clause: The teacher proposed going to the info classroom to finish the project. To report advice, orders, etc, about things that need to be done use a that-clause with should: My students recommended that I should drink less coffee in the morning.
