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Historical Development of Maliseet and Mi’kmaq Education

Historical Development of Maliseet and Mi’kmaq Education. By David Perley. Age of Independence. Education systems established by M/M societies Education systems met needs of M/M societies Education systems reflected the values, beliefs, worldviews and traditions of M/M societies

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Historical Development of Maliseet and Mi’kmaq Education

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  1. Historical Development of Maliseet and Mi’kmaq Education By David Perley

  2. Age of Independence • Education systems established by M/M societies • Education systems met needs of M/M societies • Education systems reflected the values, beliefs, worldviews and traditions of M/M societies • M/M education systems included a philosophy of education, knowledge base, goals and objectives, vehicles for teaching, pedagogy, teachers and classrooms • M/M education systems socialized individuals into certain societal roles • M/M societies maintained total control of their education David Perley, Tobique First Nation

  3. Age of Reciprocity • Age of reciprocity covers a short period of time • M/M societies continue to maintain control of their education • Initial contact with French and English settlers has little influence on M/M education systems • Education systems continue to reflect the values, beliefs and worldviews of M/M societies • Education systems continue to socialize individuals into certain societal roles • French and English settlers increase in numbers within Wabanakiterrritories David Perley, Tobique First Nation

  4. Age of Destruction: Pre-Confederation • Destruction of languages and cultures: all aspects of cultures are attacked by colonial authorities • Colonial education imposed on M/M people by French colonial authorities (1605) • Jesuit missionaries offer “education” to M/M people • Chief Membertou baptized in 1610 and subsequently convinces others to be Christianized David Perley, Tobique First Nation

  5. Age of Destruction: Pre-Confederation • Boarding schools established at LaHave and Port Royal (1633) • Girl’s school established at Port Royal (1640-1652) • New England Company established “schools” at Woodstock, Meductic, Maugerville, and Sussex Vale (1790) • New England Company “apprenticeship” program (1808-1826) David Perley, Tobique First Nation

  6. Age of Destruction: Post-Confederation • Colonial education continues to be imposed on M/M people • BNA Act (section 91.24) • Indian Act of 1876 (section 114-123) • DIAND established in accordance with the Indian Act • DIAND establishes industrial/boarding schools (1894) • DIAND establishes residential schools run by Roman Catholics, Anglican, United, and Presbyterian churches David Perley, Tobique First Nation

  7. Age of Destruction: Post-Confederation • Indian Day Schools established (1870s) • Catholic schools at St. Thomas and St. Mary’s (Newcastle) • Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons recommendations (1948) • Provincial education: policy of “integration” David Perley, Tobique First Nation

  8. Age of Destruction: Post-Confederation • White Paper policy of 1969: transfer education to provinces • First Nation response: “Indian Control of Indian Education” • Standing Committee on Indian Affairs report of June 22, 1971: adopt the principles of “Indian Control of Indian Education” • Federal schools • First Nation schools David Perley, Tobique First Nation

  9. Age of Healing and Revival • De-colonization of Maliseet/Mi’kmaq education • Regain control of M/M education • Provincial and First Nation education used as tool for revival of Maliseet/Mi’kmaq languages, cultures, worldviews, traditions, Ancestral teachings, and ceremonies • Healing aspects: spirit (individuals and communities) • Education promotes self-determination for First Nation communities David Perley, Tobique First Nation

  10. Age of Healing and Revival • NIB: “Indian Control of Indian Education” • AFN: Towards a Vision of Our Future” • Royal Commission on Aboriginal Affairs report “Gathering Strength”, Vol. 3 • “Policy Statement on Maliseet and Mi’kmaq Education in New Brunswick” • “Excellence in Education”: Provincial report of May, 1992 (pages 44-45) • Education Act of New Brunswick (Section 7) • Tuition Agreements David Perley, Tobique First Nation

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