PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER

1. CHAPTER 5: WATER AND SOLUTION PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER SOLID  LIQUID  GASES Gases  liquid  solid Absorb heat release heat 0ºC 100ºC

2. SOLID  LIQUID  GASES Gases  liquid  solid Absorb heat release heat

3. Test

4. Test

5. Liquid to solid - freezing Fikirtentang`Volume’ Contoh: M V D = __ 0.5 g Density = 0.5cm Density = 1 g/cm Jika: Volume expand during freezing. 0.5 g on cooling 4° C – volume of water contract Below 4° C – volume of water expand Density = 1 cm Freezing point: 1. Water 0° C Nafthelene - 80⁰ C Nitrogen – 210° C Density = 0.5 g/cm Float (less density than water)

6. Freezing point: 1. Water 0° C Nafthelene - 80⁰ C (boiling 218⁰C) Nitrogen – 210° C Naftalena - Not dissolve in water Very dissolve in hot water (below boiling point)

7. melting boiling 0 100 C ice water steam/gas freez ing condensation

8. Particles Kinetic theory melting boiling solid liquid gas freez ing condensation

9. Test presence of water • Anhydrous copper sulphate (white  blue) • Anhydrous Cobalt chloride paper (Blue  pink) The effects of impurities on the physical characteristics of water • Boil at a temperature above 100ºC • freeze at a temperature below 0ºC

10. MRSM 2012

11. Anhydrous copper sulphate (white  blue) • Anhydrous Cobalt chloride paper (Blue  pink)

12. SOLUTION & SOLUBILITY

14. solute solvent solution salt solution salt water amount of solute solvent dilute solution concentrated solvent amount of solute solution

15. solid solute liquid gases universal solvent solvent organic solvent dilute solution solution concentrated solution saturated solution

17. Water is a universal solvent. Rate dissolving increase with: • increasing temperature of solvent (cold/heat) • Increasing surface area of solute (fine/coarse) • stirring SATURATEDdissolving increase with: • increasing temperature /HEAT • Increasing VOLUME OF WATER (solvent)

19. Soalan PKBS B B

20. questions • 1. Is the boiling point of water with salt higher or lower than that of pure water? • 2. Do impurities increase or decrease the boiling point of water? • 3. How do you test whether tap water is pure water?

21. COMPARISON BETWEEN SOLUTION AND SUSPENSION

22. COMPARISON BETWEEN SOLUTION AND SUSPENSION

24. Composition of water 1 molecule of water 2 atom hydrogen 1 atom oxygen Awas BACAAN Pada test tube…

26. The composition of water Process - Electrolysis of water Water: H2O Two atom hydrogen and one atom oxygen Are chemically combines to form one Molecule of water. Panjang (anode) – Positive - oxygen

27. Johor 2010 A. CopperB. carbonC. sulphurD. aluminium PMR 2011

28. MRSM 2011

30. - + Check ….apasalah …

32. Water Molecules Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 8

33. Diatomic Diatomic oxygen molecule hydrogen molecules + The decomposition of two water molecules. Water molecules Electric current

34. Electrolysis of Water

35. Water Oxygen gas forms Hydrogen gas forms Source of direct current Electrode • Electrolysis “electro” = electricity “lysis” = to split *H1+ H2O(l) O2 (g) + 2 H2 (g) water oxygen hydrogen *Must add acid catalyst to conduct electricity

36. Test presence of oxygen (anode) +ve 1. burning wooden splinter – more brightly 2. glowing wooden splinter – flame/ignite/rekindless Test presence of hydrogen (cathode) -ve 1. burning wooden splinter – produce `pop sound’ – not support combustion

37. EVAPORATION & BOILING

38. Factors evaporation 1.Surface area 2.humidity 3.Air movement 4.temperature Application of evaporation in daily life To obtain salt from sea water To dry product from agriculture such as cocoa, pepper, tea leaves and paddy. To dry clothes To process milk powder

39. Pahang 2011 State the relationship between the rate of Evaporation and condition of cloth. …………………………………………….

41. acid Organic acid Inorganic acid Sulphuric acid – laboratories Nitric acid – lab Hydrochloric acid – lab Carbonic acid – carbonated drinks Acetic acid – vinegar Formic acid – ants PMR 2011 Lactic acid – sour milk Malic acid – young apples Citric acid – limes Tannic acid – tea Tartaric acid - grapes - fertilizers Hydrochloric acid has many uses. It is used in the production of chlorides, fertilizers, and dyes, in electroplating, and in the photographic, textile, and rubber differences Living thing (plants & animals) Original source Rocks and minerals Weak acids Strength of acids Strong acids Less corrosive Very corrosive Corrosive properties

42. less water more water more acid less acid

44. Test for alkali Test for acid • Litmus paper Merah Biru • PH more than 7 • Universal Indicator – yellowish - Purple • Litmus paper Biru Merah • PH less than 7 • Universal Indicator – yellowish green to Red Bas MERAH ABCDEFGHIJKL…..

45. Test for acid • Litmus paper Biru Merah • PH less than 7 • Universal Indicator – yellowish green to Red

46. Test for alkali • Litmus paper Merah Biru • PH more than 7 • Universal Indicator – yellowish - Purple

48. Do you know? Milk of magnesia is a liquid used in medicinal applications as an antacid and a hydrating laxative. Also known as magnesium hydroxide or Mg(OH)2, the solution is taken orally. It is so named because it looks milky white and contains the naturally occurring mineral magnesium. The substance acts to work within six hours of a dose in adults and children to temporarily relieve occasional bouts of constipation. The original concentrated formula was concocted by a man named Charles Henry Phillips in 1880, and sold under the brand Phillips' Milk of Magnesia. Today, the rights to the name "milk of magnesia" appear to be owned by Bayer Corporation. Milk of magnesia is an alkaline suspension, meaning that it undergoes a neutralizing reaction when encountering anything acidic.

49. COMPARISON BETWEEN ACID AND ALKALIN