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Chapter 1

What is Science?. Chapter 1. Section 1-1. The goal of science: is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events and use those explanations to make predictions. 1. Observation – gather info in an orderly way. 2. Collect data Quantitative – numbers

samuel-simmons
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Chapter 1

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  1. What is Science? Chapter 1

  2. Section 1-1 The goal of science: is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events and use those explanations to make predictions.

  3. 1. Observation – gather info in an orderly way. • 2. Collect data • Quantitative – numbers • Qualitative – descriptive • 3. Data allows us to make inferences – interpreting our data using our prior knowledge. • 4. Hypothesis – An explanation for a set of observations. “educated guess”  Scientific Skills

  4. Designing an experiment • Ask a question • Form a hypothesis (prediction & reason) • Set up a controlled experiment • manipulated – variable that is changed • responding – variable that reacts to the change • controlled – variables (need 2) that stay the same • Record and Analyze Results • Draw a conclusion • Publish/Repeat experiment 1-2 How scientists work

  5. Validity – Something you do in the experimental procedure to get accurate data. Reliability – Repeating an experiment Constraint – a problem you encounter while designing a solution to a scenario. Limitation – an explanation of your solution to the scenario - Vocabulary - EOC

  6. When evidence from numerous investigations builds up a hypothesis may become so well supported that we call it a theory. Theory – WELL TESTED explanation that unifies or explains a broad range of observations. Example: Why are marsupials (kangaroo) only found in Australia? Both the theory of plate tectonics and the theory of evolution work together to answer this question.  What is a Theory?

  7. Characteristics of Living Things 1. Living things are made up of cells. 1-3 Studying Life Animal Cells – Cheek cells Plant cells - Elodea

  8. 2. Living things reproduce. Sexual – 2 different cells unite Asexual – single parent, cell divides in half (bacteria) Characteristics of Living Things, Cont’d

  9. 3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code. D.N.A. 4. Living things grow and develop. differentiation – where cells look different and perform different functions. Characteristics of Living Things, Cont’d Nerve cell Skin cell

  10. 5.Living things obtain and use materials and energy. • Metabolism – the building up or breaking down materials to carry out life processes. Characteristics of Living Things, Cont’d

  11. 6. Living things respond to their environment. • Stimulus – a signal to which an organism responds. Examples: Temperature, Light Low blood glucose in animals = hunger Characteristics of Living Things, Cont’d

  12. 7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. • Homeostasis – the ability to keep internal conditions constant. Characteristics of Living Things, Cont’d

  13. 8.Living things, taken as a group, change over time. Evolution – change over time. Characteristics of Living Things, Cont’d

  14. Different branches of Biology study living systems at different levels of organization Branches of Biology

  15. Metric system – based on the number 10. 100 cm = 1 meter 10 cm =____ meter 12 mm = ____ centimeters 1-4 Tools and Procedures Which one doesn’t belong?

  16. Light – magnify by focusing visible light Electron – magnify by focusing beams of electrons. Require a vacuum to operate so they can only look at preserved specimens. Microscopes – devices that magnify images that are too small to see. • 2 Types • SEM – Scanning (external detail) • TEM – Transmission (internal detail)

  17. A-D Scanning Electron Microscope E Transmission Electron Microscope F Light Microscope Microscope examples Can you identify which type of microscope took pictures A-F?

  18. Laboratory Techniques Cell culture – take a single cell, add a nutrient solution and grow more cells…. Cell fractionation – this technique is used when you want to study one part of a cell so you have to separate the cell parts. Steps blend cells add liquid put in centrifuge tube and spin cell parts will separate by density

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