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Maintenance Workshop

Maintenance Workshop. Gert Litterscheidt, JAA Maintenance Director. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors. The proposed change to JAR 145 on Maintenance Human Factors will be published with NPA 145-12

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Maintenance Workshop

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  1. Maintenance Workshop Gert Litterscheidt, JAA Maintenance Director

  2. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • The proposed change to JAR 145 on Maintenance Human Factors will be published with NPA 145-12 • Furthermore, this change is intended to comply with the recent ICAO Annex 6 changes on Maintenance Human Factors.

  3. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • NPA 145-12 includes two types of changes: • “Organisational issues”: changes affecting the JAR 145 approved maintenance organisation itself, such as a new paragraph on “maintenance planning” and an improved paragraph on “maintenance data”. • “Training issues”: changes affecting maintenance personnel, more specifically the introduction of a Human Factors training requirement.

  4. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • Organisational issues:(a) Design / Maintenance Interface Inaccuracies, ambiguities, etc in maintenance data may lead to maintenance errors. Indirectly, they may also encourage or give good reasons to maintenance personnel to deviate from these instructions. The proposed new JAR 145.45 (c) and AMC would require that inaccurate, ambiguous, incomplete maintenance procedures practices, information or maintenance instructions contained in the maintenance data used by personnel be notified to the TC holder.

  5. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • Organisational issues:(b) Safety culture A key element for the development of a safety culture is a stronger “Occurrence Reporting System” which consists of a closed loop occurrence & safety hazard reporting, recording & investigation system. The System has already been proposed through NPA 145-10.

  6. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors  New proposed JAR 145.30 (b) paragraph would also require the maintenance organisation respectively to establish and publish the organisation’s safety and quality policy in committing the organisation to: • Recognise safety as a prime consideration at all times • Apply Human Factors principles • Encourage personnel to report maintenance related errors/incidents • Recognise that compliance with procedures, quality standards, safety standards and regulations is the duty of all personnel • Recognise the need for all personnel to cooperate with the Quality Auditors

  7. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • Organisational issues:(c) Procedural Non-compliance Failure to comply with good maintenance procedures can hardly be covered by regulation. It is a matter of education, safety culture and discipline. However, failure to comply with poor procedures, can be minimised by focusing the requirement on a system that ensures procedures are accurate, appropriate and reflect best practice The proposed revision to JAR 145.47 (a,b) will require that human factors principles be taken into account when establishing and writing procedures, and more emphasis is put on “ Production planning” .

  8. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • Organisational issues:(d) Shift and task handover This is a routine process that repeatedly appears in accident and incident reports. The proposed new JAR 145.47 (c) paragraph will specifically require a shift and task handover procedure acceptable to the NAA. AMC material will describe best practices based on current knowledge.

  9. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • Organisational issues:(e) Fatigue The effect of fatigue on maintenance errors is a well established fact. The proposed new JAR 145.47 (b) paragraph would require the organisation’s planning procedures to take into account the limitations of human performance, focusing on the fatigue aspect. Note: The JAA will not be addressing fatigue through duty time limitations, as this will be covered in the longer term by the EU working time directive.

  10. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • Organisational issues:(f) Poor planning of tasks, equipment and spares Current JAR 145 does not require a procedure on planning of work. However, the absence of effective planning may contribute towards increased work pressure, which itself may lead to deviation from procedures. Deviation from procedures is known as a contributing factor in many aircraft incidents and accidents. Proposed new JAR-145.47, 65 and AMC material would clarify the objective of good planning and include further guidance on elements to consider when establishing the planning procedure.

  11. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • Organisational issues:(g) Signing off tasks not seen or checked Recent research proved that many maintenance tasks are signed off while not seen or checked by authorised personnel, potentially leading to incomplete maintenance. New AMC 145.65 (b) material would elaborate on the meaning of sign-off and the need to self-check or inspect the task before signing off.

  12. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • Training issues • The development of a human factors related skills and knowledge in the maintenance organisation can only be achieved through the training of all concerned personnel on the subject. • A amended JAR145.30 (c) paragraph on the understanding of the application of Human factors and human performance for all staff and the related AMC material explains the objectives, personnel involved etc.

  13. JAR-145 NPA on Maintenance Human Factors • Training issues • The training syllabus is included in Appendix 9 to JAR 145 • The intent is at a first stage to give the maintenance organisation the flexibility to adapt the training syllabus to the size and workscope of the organisation

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