South East Asia

1. South East Asia

2. 11 Countries in south east Asia • Burma • Brunei • Cambodia • Indonesia • Singapore • Thailand • Laos • Vietnam • Malaysia • Philippines • Papua New Guinea

3. Landform • South East Asia is a land of Large and Small Peninsulas and Islands (Archipelago) • All member Nation have diverse culture • Influenced By India , China and Middle east • Buddhism followers are in Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos & Vietnam • Hinduism is widely practice along with Buddhism • Islam is mostly Followed in Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei.

4. Brief History • All countries have very big Chinese and Indian Migrants which controls business In Urban Areas. • Except Thailand all countries were came under colonial rules of western power after 18th to 20th century. • UK colonized (Myanmar, Singapore, Malaysia) • France colonized(Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam) • Holland colonized (Indonesia) • USA colonized (Philippines) • Australia (PNG) • Thailand was never ruled by colonial power as geographically it was buffer state between French and English colonies

5. Geography • Physically South East Asia is divided in Two major region • Mainland & Insular • Mainland includes : Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos & Vietnam • Insular Includes : Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia & Singapore

6. Main Rivers & Plateau • Irrawady – Burma • ChaoPraya – Thailand • Mekong – Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam • Shan Plateau – Between Burma and India • Korat Plateau – Between Burma and Thailand • Cordillera – Between Laos and Vietnam

7. Volcanic Islands • Western Burma, Andaman Island, Sumatra, Java and Philippines • Sunda platform Malaysia to island of Kalimantan • Active Volcanoes in Indonesia and Philippines • Ring of Fire Passing through many nations – frequent earth quacks and Volcanic activities

8. Climate • Most countries Monsoon rain and home of tropical rain forest • Countries near equator gets rain all most year around • Three seasons – summer – winter and monsoon • All countries are mainly agriculture and main crop is Rice

9. Population • The combine population of South East Asia is Below 500 Million. Indonesia which ranks for 4th largest populated country in the World. • It is Largest nation having Islamic Population • The population Growth in this countries is very slow and falling between 1-3 % • 80% of population is still living in Ruler areas and engaged in farming • Indonesia and Thailand have 30% of their populations in urban areas Philippines just over 40%; Malaysia 50%. 100% of the population in Singapore live in the city most Southeast Asian states have a high percentage of their people living in a primate city, i.e. Bangkok, Thailand; Manila, Philippines, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, etc

10. Economical Development • Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore Philippines & Indonesia Made very good progress • Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Burma and PNG lagged behind and still remain one of poorest nation in the world. They remain backward because of Colonial rule, Cold war, French Indo China war & civil war and mass murder of intellectual population

11. Political status • Burma - Military dictator • Brunei - Monarchy • Cambodia - autocratic - democracy • Indonesia - Democracy • Singapore - Democracy • Thailand - Constitutional Monarchy • Laos – Autocratic Democracy • Vietnam - Socialist • Malaysia – Constitutional Monarchy • Philippines - Democracy • Papua New Guinea – autocratic - democracy

12. Economic Activities • Farming – Rice, Grain, Fruits and Vegetables, Poultry and animal Husbandry • Plantation – Palm, Tapioca, Rubber, Spices • Mining – Coal, Iron, Gold, Copper, Oil • Fishing – Fishing and • Forest – Timber, Honey and medicine • Economic Development several Southeast Asian have made substantial economic progress since 1960;s Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Philippines have good economic growth rates with rising incomes Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam have lagged behind the rest of the countries of the region. recently Vietnam opening the country up to market forces, foreign investment, development of a thriving business community.

13. THAILAND • Thailand occupies the heart of mainland Southeast Asia formerly known as Siam until 1939; name Thailand means “land of the free” Thailand centered in delta of Chao Praya (Menam) River Bangkok (5.5 mil) is a primate city serves as the capital and major port for country; Chiang Mai, (170K) main city in north Korat plateau in northeast Thailand has been historically depressed, a poor area, inhabited by hill tribes

14. MALAYSIA • Malaysia spatially fragmented state with a dense population on the western coast and a sparse population in Sarawak and Sabah original Federation of Malaysia included Singapore, but fears of ethnic domination by Chinese led to separation of Singapore from the federation in 1965 multiethnic population in Malaysia with 60% ethnic Malays; 30% Chinese; and 10% Indian Chinese and Indians disproportionally found in business and commerce

15. SINGAPORE • Singapore is a distinctive country because it’s a city state of only 240 sq. miles only nation where Chinese constitute a majority of the population (90% Chinese city) throughout colonial period, Singapore functioned as a major trading center for regional maritime trade historically functions as a leading transshipment and processing center for Malay peninsula and Dutch East Indies in 1990, Singapore surpassed Hong Kong as busiest container port in world

16. INDONESIA • Indonesia large archipelago stretching 3,000 miles Indonesia one of the world's largest populated states with over 200 million people six major islands constitute state of Indonesia- Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Maluku, and Irian Jaya smaller islands of Bali and East Timor also important formerly ruled by the Dutch until 1949 when Indonesia fought a bloody conflict with the Netherlands for independence

17. BURMA • Burma is country in South East Asia which is influenced by India, China, Thailand and other nations. Burma is the 40th largest country in the world. Burma has many precious minerals and is one of the greatest exporters of rubies. Burma in its recent history has been isolated from the rest of the world but it trying to become part of global trade. Burma has faced many issues in the United Nations which has lead to embargoes. Aung San Suu Kyi is the only women from Burma who has received the Nobel Peace Prize.

18. Vietnam • Vietnam is one of the most culturally diverse countries in South East Asia. It has been influenced by China throughout history. Vietnam is rich in natural resources and a major exporter of rice. Vietnam is improving as a country economically and politically. China has been a major investor in Vietnam. Vietnam is trying to receive its economical independence from China. Vietnam has an estimated population of 90.5 million inhabitants. Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world. Vietnam has been active in the Cold War due to Chinese influences and imperialism

19. Vietnam Vietnam • Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos were called French Indochina. The 3 were controlled by the French’s harsh rules. • Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos were called French Indochina. The 3 were controlled by the French’s harsh rules.

20. Vietnam • Ho chi Minh and other freedom fighters fought for independence. The French promised to give them independence in exchange for help in World War 1. But their promise was never kept and Vietnam started to get influence from china. Communism was one of the major influences. Eventually leading to a war between North and South Vietnam. & country. North took over control of south and the country turned Communist. Ho Chi Minh

21. CAMBODIA • Cambodia was once under Indian influences Cambodia. Cambodia is home to the Khmer Empire. The Khmer empire made great works in Architecture, Culture and Religion. It made the famous Angkor Wat Temple. Cambodia in its recent history has suffered from Colonization. Cambodia has suffered a cultural genocide. Khmer Rouge was a major issue in the United Nations. Cambodia is suffering from problems involving child trafficking, democracy and global trade.

22. LAOS • Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west. Its population was estimated to be 6.5 million in 2012. • Laos traces its history to the Kingdom which existed from the 14th to the 18th century when it split into three separate kingdoms. In 1893, it became a French protectorate, with the three kingdoms, Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak, uniting to form what is now known as Laos. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation, but returned to French rule until it was granted autonomy in 1949. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. Shortly after independence, a long civil war ended the monarchy, when the Communist Pathet Lao movement came to power in 1975.

23. PHILIPINES • Philippines is composed of many islands. Philippines's history started when Spain conquered it and converted its peoples to Christianity. It was a major center of trade. It transferred silver from Latin America to China. Philippines was later conceded to the United States. Philippines there after has been completely independent on America. America has also favored the Dictator Anti-Communist Government of Marcos

24. Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse countries on Earth. According to recent data, 841 different languages are listed for the country, although 11 of these have no known living speakers. [6](A detailed series of language maps of Papua New Guinea may be found at Ethnologue). There may be at least as many traditional societies, out of a population of about 6.2 million. It is also one of the most rural, as only 18% of its people live in urban centers. The country is one of the world's least explored, culturally and geographically, and many undiscovered species of plants and animals are thought to exist in the interior of Papua New Guinea. The majority of the population live in traditional societies and practice subsistence-based agriculture. These societies and clans have some explicit acknowledgement within the nation's constitutional framework. The PNG Constitution (Preamble 5(4)) expresses the wish for "traditional villages and communities to remain as viable units of Papua New Guinean society",and for active steps to be taken in their preservation. After being ruled by three external powers since 1884, Papua New Guinea gained its independence from Australia in 1975. It remains a Commonwealth realm of Her Majesty Elizabeth II Queen of Papua New Guinea. Many people live in extreme poverty, with about one third of the population living on less than US$1.25 per day.