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TOPIC 12- NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

TOPIC 12- NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. DO NOW: ANSWER QUESTIONS IN M.C. PACKET. The stability of an isotope depends on the ratio of protons and neutrons in the nucleus Most nuclei are stable but some are unstable . These nuclei will spontaneously decay emitting radiation

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TOPIC 12- NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

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  1. TOPIC 12- NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY DO NOW: ANSWER QUESTIONS IN M.C. PACKET

  2. The stability of an isotope depends on the ratio of protons and neutrons in the nucleus • Most nuclei are stable but some are unstable. These nuclei will spontaneouslydecay emitting radiation • Stable isotopes have a 1:1 ratio of protons and neutrons. Most radioactive isotopes have twice as many neutrons as protons • All elements with an atomic number higher than 83are radioactive TOPIC 12 – REGENTS REVIEW

  3. Each isotope has a specific mode and rate of decay (Table N) • Rate of decay is called half-life • Half-life is a constant • Half-Life is the measure of the time it take for exactly one-halfof an amount of isotope to decay • Amount of substance will never decay to zero TOPIC 12 – REGENTS REVIEW

  4. A change in the nucleus of an atom changes it to anothertype of atom (a new element) – called transmutation- • Artificialtransmutation requires the bombardments of a nucleus by high energy particles • Spontaneous decay involves the release of different particles from the nucleus • Types of particles as well as masses and charges can be found on Table O TOPIC 12 – REGENTS REVIEW

  5. Nuclear reactions include natural and artificial decay, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion • Nuclear Fission: nucleus of an atom is split (artificially “shooting” the nucleus with a neutron) • Nuclear Fusion: combines two lighternuclei to form heaviernuclei, process that powers the sun • Nuclear Fusion requires high temperature, not ready for practical use. • Advantage: products are not radioactive waste (as with fission) TOPIC 12 – REGENTS REVIEW

  6. Nuclear reaction can be represented by equations that include symbols that represent atomic nuclei with mass number and atomic number, subatomic particles with mass and charge and emitted particles EX) • Energy from nuclear reactions come from the small fraction of mass that is lost • The reaction converts mass to energy • Einstein’s eq. E=mc2 describes the relationship between energy and matter TOPIC 12 – REGENTS REVIEW

  7. Energy released from nuclear reactions is much greaterthan energy released from chemical reactions • The risks associated with using radioactive isotopes include: • biological exposure (radiation/cancer) • long term storage/disposal • nuclear accidents TOPIC 12 – REGENTS REVIEW

  8. Radioactive isotopes may be used in • Medicine • Radioactive dating • Industrial measurement • Nuclear power • Detection/treatment of disease STRATEGIES FOR CALCULATING HALF LIFE! TOPIC 12 – REGENTS REVIEW

  9. TOPIC 12- NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY SUMMARY – ANSWER QUESTIONS IN PACKET

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