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Bellwork 1: 1-8-2014

Bellwork 1: 1-8-2014. Briefly write about a real scientific observation you made over the break. I will only call on 3 of you to share. Vertebrates. Chapter 3. Vertebrates. There are more than 50,000 species of vertebrates in this world.

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Bellwork 1: 1-8-2014

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  1. Bellwork 1: 1-8-2014 • Briefly write about a real scientific observation you made over the break. • I will only call on 3 of you to share

  2. Vertebrates Chapter 3

  3. Vertebrates • There are more than 50,000 species of vertebrates in this world. • A vertebrate is an animal with a backbone that supports and protects the spinal cord.

  4. Vertebrates All Have • All vertebrates have: • Backbones, brains, craniums (skulls), closed circulatory systems with veins, arteries, and capillaries, continuously beating heart to keep blood flowing

  5. Vertebrates 2 Groups • Vertebrates can be divided into two groups: • Ectotherms& Endotherms • Ectotherms are animals that use the environment to regulate their body temperatures. • They generally bask in the sun or bury themselves for heat or cooling • Reptiles, fish, and amphibians are all ectotherms

  6. Ectotherms

  7. Endotherm • Endotherms are organisms that internally regulate their body temperatures. • Their internal temperature remains generally the same whether they are in hot or cold environments • Birds and mammals are examples of endotherms.

  8. Endotherms

  9. Vertebrates • Vertebrates’ tissues are made mostly of salty water • This tissue freezes/dies at 31.1’ F • Most vertebrates live in areas with temperature ranges from 32’-122’F • Some have adapted to harsher environments

  10. Adaptations • Polar bears have thick layers of fat to insulate them from the cold • Some fish have chemicals in their blood that act like antifreeze to allow them to live in cold arctic water

  11. Review • 1. What do vertebrates have in common? • Backbones, brains, craniums (skulls), closed circulatory systems with veins, arteries, and capillaries, continuously beating heart to keep blood flowing • 2. What are the two general groups of vertebrates? • Ectotherms, endotherms

  12. Review • 3. What distinguishes these two groups? • Their ability, or lack there of, to regulate their internal temperature • 4. In general, what animals are part of each group? • Ectotherms: reptiles, fish, amphibians • Endotherms: birds, mammals

  13. Ectotherms • Ectotherms’ body temperature and body functions are regulated by the outside temperature • Not cold-blooded: ectotherms are not called cold-blooded anymore because some actually have a higher internal temperature than endotherms

  14. Air vs. Water temp • Because air temperatures change more than water temperatures, land ectotherms vary more than water ectotherms • Due to this variance, land ectotherms seek sun or shade to help regulate these changes

  15. Ectotherms Regulation • Many ectotherms hide from predators at night because they are sluggish from lack of heat energy • Others prey at night (mostly in hot climates) and stay out of extreme temperatures during the day

  16. Ectotherm Regulation • Ectotherms can also change color to help regulate their body temperatures. • Darker colors absorb heat while lighter colors reflect heat.

  17. Review • 1.What is the distinguishing feature of ectohterms? • They regulate their internal temperature using the sun’s energy • 2. Why is cold-blooded a confusing term to describe ectotherms? • Many ectotherms have warmer internal temperatures that endotherms.

  18. Review • 3. Which organisms have an easier time regulating their body temperatures, ectotherms that live on land or water? Why? • Those that live in water • Because water temperature is not as volatile as air temperature.

  19. Review • 4. What are some ways that ectotherms regulate their body temperatures? • Basking, burying, changing color

  20. Reptiles • Over 7000 species of reptiles • The study of reptiles and amphibians is herpetology • Herpoin Greek is “to creep or crawl” • All reptiles have lungs and scaly skin

  21. Reptiles • Most reptiles shed their entire skin at once rather than one cell at a time like us!

  22. Reptiles • Scales protect the skin underneath from drying out • Retiles have bone skeletons and most have teeth • Their teeth range from blunt crushing teeth to thin needle-like fangs

  23. Reptiles • Many reptiles have a muscular, flexible, sticky tongue for catching insects.

  24. Reptiles • Reptiles generally have well developed organs. (snakes are deaf and some lizards don’t have eyes) • Crocodiles and alligators have very advanced organ systems that have allowed them to thrive for millions of years.

  25. Reptiles • All reptiles reproduce through internal fertilization • Some lay leathery eggs and the young are hatched • Others store their eggs inside their bodies and the young are born live

  26. Live birth

  27. Reptiles • Young reptiles look like miniature adults • Most reptile mothers do not take care of their young

  28. Common Reptile Groups • 1. Turtles • 2. Lizards • 3. Snakes • 4. Alligators and Crocodiles

  29. Turtles • Turtles’ bodies are protected by a shell formed of plates of bone • Some shells can support a weight 200 X their own!

  30. Turtles

  31. Turtles • Turtles are toothless, but have a beaklike structure to eat plants and animals

  32. Bellwork • Make a hypothesis about why you think crocodiles have survived for so long. • Get out a sheet of paper to take notes during the film.

  33. Crocodiles • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsHHSCafGrk • During the film, write down at least three functions of the crocodile that have helped it to survive for so long. I will call on you randomly to share what you have written;-)

  34. Fish • Most have smooth, streamlines, scale covered bodies • Most have fins • All have gill slits for breathing underwater • Water passes through the gills, oxygen is absorbed by the blood vessels there, and carbon dioxide is released back into the water

  35. Fish • Most fish have a well developed nervous system to sense their environment • Most can see in color, can smell and taste

  36. Fish • Sharks can detect small amounts of blood in huge amounts of water to help find wounded animals • Most fish don’t hear well, but can sense vibrations in the water

  37. Fish • Most fish are either male or female • Some, however are born as one sex and develop into the opposite sex

  38. Fish • Most fish reproduce through external fertilization: • The female releases jelly coated eggs into the water and the male fertilizes them with sperm • A few species of fish reproduce through internal fertilization and have live birth

  39. Fish • As a group, fish eat almost everything in the water • They use very different hunting techniques • Swordfish slash through a group of fish and return to eat the carcasses • Angler fish dangle wormlike lures to tempt their prey • The archer fish can spit out of water to catch insects! • Many others hide and launch sneak attacks

  40. Fish • Fish species can be divided into the following groups: • Jawless Fish • Sharks • Skates • Rays • Bony Fish

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