Application of risk assessment to access agricultural markets Example: Madagascar

1. Application of risk assessment to access agricultural marketsExample: Madagascar Katharina StärkSwiss Federal Veterinary Office

2. Outline • Trade principles under SPS • Example Madagascar • Pig production Madagascar • Disease status • Risk assessment applied in this situation? • Hypothetical

3. Trade under SPS rules • Exporting country • Scientific evidence to document thatimported goods do not impose larger health risk for local animal/human/plant population than product produced in importing country • Aim of risk analysis • Provide importing country with objective and defensible method to assess risk

4. Pig population Madagascar

5. Pork production • Mainly extensive, few specialised farmers

6. Introduction of ASF • Suspect cases in early 1998 • Diagnosis December 1998 • FAO TCP started in 1999 • Diagnostic tools • Epidemiology • Surveillance • Control

7. Current disease situation Zones indemnes de PPA (30/04/00) Distribution (approx.) des suidés sauvages (Potamochoerus larvatus ) Tiques Ornithodoros porcinus (aire de distribution décrite entre 1960 et 1990) Tiques (aire connue 1960 –1990) & suidés sauvages Séroloies positives anticorps anti-tiques Peste Porcine Africaine : SITUATION EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE Avril 2000

8. Risk through trade? • Pork? • Beef? • Other animal-derived products?

9. Trade prior to 1999 • Pork to La Reunion (until 1988) • Beef to European Union (until 1995) • lack of surveillance • lack of controls • lack of good veterinary services

10. Poste d‘observation in place Potential for development Disease surveillance • Reporting of signs of disease activity by livestock owners and veterinarians • Active programme of examination of samples from within host populations to detect clinical signs or indications of disease occurrence OIE Animal Health Code 1999

11. Quality of veterinary services • Bilateral between countries • mutual agreement on criteria • Criteria • appropriate to circumstances • relevant to type of trade OIE Animal Health Code 1999

12. Concept of zoning • Zone = part of country established for disease control • Requirements • Notifiable disease • According to epidemiology of disease • Effective boundaries • Constant supervision (movement control) • Effective veterinary service OIE Animal Health Code 1999

13. Disease-free zone • Can be established if infection is still present • All animal holdings officially known • Investigation of suspect outbreaks • Outbreaks reported to OIE • Can be surrounded by surveillance zone • Strict animal movement control • Independent of import of animals from infected zones OIE Animal Health Code 1999

14. ASF-free zones • Notifiable disease • Effective borders • Control / Surveillance of • Domestic pigs • Bush pigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) • Ticks (Ornithodoros porcinus spp) • Animal movements • Additional safety measures • Export from ASF-free herds

15. Possible ASF-free zones List of holdings Movement control Identification of animals Peste Porcine Africaine : SITUATION EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE Avril 2000

16. ASF-free farms • Re-stocking with ASF-free stock • Isolation • Biosafety measures • Animals, bush pigs, tick control • People • Feed • Surveillance programme • Identification

17. Risk assessment • The OIE risk assessment model • Disease factors • Disease status of exporting country (country factors) • Surveillance • Disease-free zones • Veterinary service • Products (commodity factors) • Quantity • Effect of processing OIE Animal Health Code 1999

18. Risk model: What can go wrong? OK Yes OK ASF-free region No • Surveillance • Barriers • Identification ASF-free herd OK Processing P(export)

19. ASF status Tanzania 2000 1999 1999 Countries with (sporadic) reported ASF cases in 1998 or later

20. Conclusions • Basis for risk assessment • Good veterinary service • Surveillance data • Large flexibility • Qualitative assessment sufficient • Powerful tool for all countries