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Learn about key parts of the immune system – macrophages, Helper T cells, B cells, lymph nodes, antibodies, Thymus gland, Killer T cells, Suppressor T cells, Memory T cells, and Antigens. Explore how these function in fighting viruses.
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MACROPHAGES The macrophages are large immune cells that devourer or attempt to kill every foreign substance that enters the body. The macrophages do the first job. They start acting to rid the body of the virus, but many times is not strong enough to rid the virus itself. Then many other parts of the system take over.
HELPER T CELLS The Helper T cells are a set within a set of T-Cells that identifies the virus entering the body. If it is a virus that has previously entered the body, after it is recognized it is quickly fought off. However, if it is a virus invading the body for the first time it is identified by the Helper T-Cells and then other parts of the system take over.
B CELLS Are found throughout the body and in the Lymphnodes (where they make antibodies). They are called by the Helper-T cells once they’ve identified the invader.
LYMPH NODES Lymph nodes are small bean-like organs of the immune system that are spread widely throughout the body and is linked by lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are defenders of B and T cells as well as other immune cells that are found in your body. The lymph nodes are like a factory where the B cells develop and grow. This is where the B cells make antibodies.
ANTIBODIES What are antibodies? Antibodies are a dissolving substance (a protein molecule) that are produced and separated by B cells in response to the antigen, which is capable of sticking or binding to that antigen.
THYMUS GLAND Another important part of the immune system is the thymus gland. The thymus gland is a crucial lymphoid organ. It is located in the upper chest. This is where the T cells multiply and grow. The Thymus gland is where the T cells learns what to do and how to act as well.
KILLER T CELLS Killer T cells are cells that are taught in the thymus gland. There they learn to kill the virus that has entered the body. The killer T cells are the last ones to demolish the virus.
SURPRESSOR T CELLS Yet another crucial part of the immune system are the suppressor T cells. They are a set within a set that turns off your antibody production. This means that once your body is healthy all of the cells that fight disease take a brake until another virus enters your body and needs to be fought off.
MEMORY T CELLS Also, memory T cells are cells created during the initial infection of the virus. They stay behind and become memory cells. Their job is to stay alert for future viruses. If the same virus tries to invade your body a second time a huge attack is made by the memory cells and the invader is quickly crushed. The body is now immune to that virus.
ANTIGENS The last and also very important part of the system is antigens. Antigens are any substance that when it is introduced to the body, is recognized by the immune system. They are the codes on the invader, which are unique to that germ.
PICTURES This is a picture of the process a b cell goes through.
PICTURES This is a picture of the growth of a T cell.
PICTURES This is a picture of the immune system dealing with the lymphocytes.
Viruses • Viruses are parasites they can’t reproduce themselves,but they can reproduce if they take over cells • The body cells die after the virus has taken it over.
Viruses(Continued) • Ebola- An extremely contagious virus causing a highly fatal fever and is spread through the contact of bodily fluids. • Chicken Pox- Contagious disease mostly affecting children. • Rabies- An infectious and often fatal viral disease of most warm blooded animals especially wolves, dogs and cats
Bacteria • Bacteria help our bodies with digestion. • 99% of bacteria are good for you
Vaccines What are Vaccines? How are they made?Who makes Them? How do they work?How do they prevent from catching a virus?
What are vaccines • Vaccines are injections that are used to protect you from catching different kinds of illness.
How are Vaccines made,Who makes them • Each vaccine is made a different way. The flu vaccine is made in a chicken egg. Scientist first grow a germ and then they make it a vaccine and inject it into humans
How do vaccines work • Vaccines work by getting an injection of the weak form of the disease into your body. The body makes antibodies to fight off the invaders. If the actual disease did attack the body the antibodies would be there to destroy it. There are two type of immunization. Vaccines and serum. Vaccines put the diseases in your body and serum puts antibodies in your body.
Assignment 2 • How the Immune system reacts to an invader
Barriers • The skin tries to block the invader for ever entering the body.
Lymphnodes • The B-cells and the T cells wait for a signal • the monocytes migrate to the tissue and become macrophages . • The Lymphnodes are the battle areas
Macrophages • The macrophages place antigens on the MHC(major histocompatibility complex) that float throughout the body telling the helper T-cells that the body is under attack. B-cells also can place antigens on MHC.(antigens trigger immune response) • after this the Macrophages and helper T-cells reproduce and go to WAR!!!
T-cells • The T cells identify the intruder • also the T-cells command the other cells to take action(phagocytes,B-cells,and killer T-cells)and fight.
