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Mammals: Evolution, Characteristics, and Diversity

Learn about the fascinating world of mammals, from their unique characteristics such as hair and specialized teeth, to their diverse diets and modes of movement. Discover how mammals have evolved over time and the different reproductive strategies they employ. Explore the biogeography of mammals and uncover the reasons why unrelated animals can resemble each other.

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Mammals: Evolution, Characteristics, and Diversity

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  1. Mammals Kingdom Animalia ---Phylum Chordata------Subphylum Vertebrata---------Class Mammalia What do you get when you cross an elephant with a fish? swimming trunks

  2. Characteristics 1. Hair (some marine mammals have very little) 2. Specialized Teeth 3. Endothermic (warm-blooded) 4. Mammary Glands 5. Placenta (most) 6. Diaphragm - muscle that aids breathing

  3. What kind of animal is this?

  4. Evolution of Mammals Mammals did not come to dominate until the CENOZOIC ERA, after the dinosaurs became extinct Early mammals were probably rodent-like and nocturnal

  5. How do mammals stay warm? Hair insulates most mammals Some marine mammals have a layer of subcutaneous fat (blubber)

  6. What is the placenta? Attached to the wall of the uterus , it provides the fetus with nourishment.

  7. The Birth of a Giraffe

  8. What are mammary glands? Only found in mammals, produce milk to feed young.

  9. The Diaphragm - muscle under ribs, aids in breathing

  10. Specialized Teeth • Incisors – biting • Canines - stabbing, holding • molars - crushing, grinding Different types of mammals have different types of teeth - depending on their diet Carnivores have large canines Herbivores have large flat molarsWhat about omnivores?

  11. The canines of predators are very large and sharp, used for tearing flesh

  12. Digestion Mammals have diverse diets. Herbivores often have an extra stomach chamber called a RUMEN to help them digest plants This chamber holds bacteria that can digest plant material

  13. Circulation Mammals have a 4 – chambered heart and double loop circulation. What other animals have a double loop?

  14. Movement Mammals are a diverse group. Some… • Run • Climb • Dig • Fly • Swim Legs are adapted to a particular job

  15. Mammals are TETRAPODS, meaning they have four limbs.These limbs can be adapted to different functions, such as the wings of bats or the flippers of whales. An animal that is BIPEDAL walks on two legs.

  16. Whales do not have hind limbs, but they do have VESTIGIAL pelvic bones.

  17. Quick Check 1. What attaches to the uterus wall and nourishes an embryo? _____________________ 2. What muscles helps mammals breathe? _______ 3. Which type of tooth is used for grinding? _____4. What part of a cow helps them digest plants? _____ 5. The structure of the jaw and teeth can give you information about about a mammal’s: a. habitat b. age c. diet 6. Mammals have [ double / single ] loop circulation. 7. Diversity refers to a. different kinds b. the way animals evolved

  18. Reproduction Most mammals give birth to live young. There are two groups that are exceptions… • Monotremes (lay eggs) • Marsupials (develop young in a pouch)

  19. Order Monotremata • Egg laying mammals found only in Australia • Have reptilian characteristics (cloaca & egg laying) • Have mammalian features (hair, mammary gland)

  20. Examples: Duck Billed Platypus Echidna (Spiny Anteater)

  21. Order Marsupiala • Mammals bear their young in an immature state, babies develop in a pouch • Majority are found on Australia, opossums are found on other continents

  22. Marsupial Examples Can you name these animals?

  23. Kangaroo Birth

  24. Placental Mammals Placental Mammals have a gestation period (length of time in uterus)

  25. Placenta Watch the birth of Mia’s First Puppy!

  26. Domesticated animals have been kept and bred by people - cows, dogs, pigs, horses..etc

  27. Biogeography of Mammals Why do animals on different continents look alike? Flying Squirrel and Sugar Glider

  28. Answer: Convergent Evolution Unrelated species are adapted to similar environments and similar NICHES Austin’s Sugar Glider

  29. Quick Check 1. Mammals that lay eggs are called: ____________ 2. Mammals that carry young in a pouch are called: _________________ 3. The length of time a mammal grows in the uterus is called: __________ 4. This structure attaches the fetus to the uterus and provides nourishment: _____ 5. Name a mammal that has a cloaca. _____ 6. Why do unrelated animals resemble each other? __________________ evolution

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