Automotive Engine Terms

1. Automotive Engine Terms

2. Bellwork • Name as many parts to an engine that you can

3. Bellwork • What is the difference between a camshaft and a crankshaft? • How are these two “timed”?

4. 2 Stroke Engine • The 2-stroke gas engine is different from the 4-stroke gas engine. In a 2-stroke engine the inlet and exhaust ports are open and closed by the movement of the piston. But it is still an internal combustion engine and has the five events common to all such engines.

5. Definitions • TDC- Top dead center, the piston is at the highest point in the cylinder before starting to move downward • BDC- Bottom dead center, the piston is in the lowest point in the cylinder before starting to move upward

6. One single cycle • The whole process is a cycle. A new mixture enters and is ignited. Combustion occurs. Expanding gases drive the piston down and turn the crankshaft which pushes the piston back up the cylinder.

7. A single stroke • A stroke is the distance from top dead center to bottom dead center.

8. Intake Manifold • The part of an engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders. • The intake manifold gasket is located between the manifold and the engine block, and prevents leaks between the two surfaces.

9. Cylinder Head • The closed end of a engine or pump cylinder. • In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block.

10. Oil Pan • The lower part of the engine that holds the oil. • Oil pans are detachable mechanisms made out of thin steel and bolted to the bottom of the crankcase.

11. Starter • A starter can be an electric motor on an internal-combustion engine used for rotating an to initiate the engine's operation under its own power. • Located at the front of the transmission bellhousing

12. Starter Solenoid • A starter solenoid (or starter relay) is the part of an automobile which switches a large electric current to the starter motor, in response to a small control current, and which in turn sets the engine in motion. • Most startersolenoids are located on the starter motor itself. Some Ford models have located the startersolenoid on the inner fender panel near the battery.

13. Alternator • Devise that produces electricity in the engine. • An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current • It is located in front of the engine.

14. Water Pump • The water pump is a simple centrifugal pump driven by a belt connected to the crankshaft of the engine. The pump circulates fluid whenever the engine is running. • Front of the engine.

15. Fuel Pump • ­A fuel pump draws gas out of the tank through a pipe to the carburetor. • The pump may be mechanical worked by the engine - or it may be electric, in which case it is usually next to or even inside the fuel tank.

16. Coil • The coil provides a high-voltage current to the distributor. • The coil connects directly to the distributor

17. Distributor • A distributor is a device in the ignition system of an internal combustion engine that routes high voltage from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order.

18. Distributor Rotor The rotor spins inside the distributor cap. When the rotor's tip passes a contact on the cylinder, a high-voltage pulse travels from the coil to the cylinder via the rotor.

19. Distributor Cap • The distributor cap is a device in the ignition system that distributes electricity from the ignition coils to the spark plug wires at the right timing.

20. A/C compressor • Compresses refrigerant and sends it to your car's air condenser

21. Engine Fan • Allows the engine to maintain a constant temperature. • Front-wheel drive cars have electric fans because the engine is usually mounted transversely, meaning the output of the engine points toward the side of the car. The fans are controlled either with a thermostatic switch or by the engine computer

22. Radiator • Devise that’s use to keep the engine from getting too hot • Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating.

23. Condenser • Condenser (heat transfer), a device or unit used to condense vapor into liquid.

24. Thermostat • A devise that adjusts the temperature of the car. • It is located in front of the engine near the radiator.

25. Timing Belt • A timing belt, timing chain or cam belt is a part of an internal combustion engine that synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft and the camshaft(s) so that the engine • It is located in front of the engine

26. Timing belt cover • Covers the timing belt.

27. Valve Covers • It coversthe valve train assembly and prevent oil from being sprayed all over the engine compartment. • It is located on the cylinder heads.

28. Carburetor • Adevice that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. • Located on top of the engine block on top of intake manifold

29. Fuel Injectors • Fuel injection is a system for introducing fuel into internal combustion engines • Located inside the cylinder head.

30. Air Cleaner • Filters the air. • On top or side of the engine.

31. Spark Plugs • Part of the engine that produces a spark that makes the fuel burn. ‘ • Located In the cylinder head.

32. Spark Plug Wires • Delivers the spark tothe Spark Plug.

33. Oil Pump • The oil pump in an internal combustion engine circulates engine oil under pressure to the rotating bearings, the sliding pistons and the camshaft of the engine.

34. Headers/Exhaust manifold • In automotive engineering, an exhaust manifold collects the exhaust gases from multiple cylinders into one pipe. • Headersare engineered to provide optimum exhaust flow for increased horsepower, torque and improved throttle response.

35. Engine Mount • The motor mount attaches the engine to the car.

36. Throttle body • the throttle body is the part of the air intake system that controls the amount of air flowing into the engine, in response to driver accelerator pedal input in the main.

37. EGR • In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline and diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders.

38. Valve Pertains to valves or systems that control the flow of gases or fluids within an engine, particularly: steam to and from the cylinder(s) of a steam engine. the fuel-air mixtures to, or exhaust gases from, internal combustion engines.

39. Valve spring • 1. a helical spring used to hold closed a valve in the cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine. 2. any spring that closes a valve after it has been opened mechanically or by flow pressure.

40. Lifters • Can come in either standard, roller or hydraulic variations, but they all do the same thing, they ride on the camshaft and once they hit a lobe they push up on the push rod.

41. Push rod • Serves a single purpose, to transfer the push from the lifter to the rocker arm.

42. Piston • The pistons transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft by piston rod/connecting rod. • Pushes directly on the crankshaft via the connecting rod and wrist pin.

43. Piston Rings • Make a seal between the cylinder wall and the piston. • Without rings there is little or no compression.

44. Connecting Rods • Attach the pistons to the crankshaft through the end cap and wrist pin. • The wrist pin is pressed through the piston and into the connecting rod. • The end cap holds the rod bearings and the connecting rods onto the crankshaft.

45. Camshaft • Shaft with offset lobes that open and close the valves at the proper time. • Turns at exactly half the rate of the crankshaft in a four stroke engine

46. Crankshaft • Turns the pistons linear motion into rotational motion. • The pistons spin the crank by pushing on it via the connecting rods.

47. Engine Block • The block houses the cylinders and is what everything related to the engine mount to. • It also has built in coolant and oil passages.