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Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Understanding Growth and Repair Processes

Explore the vital processes of the cell cycle, including interphase and mitosis, necessary for growth, development, and tissue repair. Learn about DNA synthesis, differentiation, control mechanisms, and the implications of abnormal cell division like cancer.

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Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Understanding Growth and Repair Processes

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  1. The Cell Cycle: Interphase and Mitosis McGraw Hill 3-D animation: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/bio_animations/06_MH_CellCycle_Web/index.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHSs7HQs3d4

  2. Purpose of the Cell Cycle The cell cycle is needed for growth, development, tissue repair etc. http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/human-embryonic-development Embryo developing from zygote animation

  3. The CELL CYCLE (Sequence of growth and division of a cell) • Interphase (cell grows, lives, undergoes metabolism etc.) • G1 stage = cell growth and development, • S stage= chromatin replicated in nucleus (S= DNA SYNTHESIS) • G2 stage= Getting ready for MITOSIS • centrioles (found only in animals) replicate • making of proteins needed for MITOSIS • F:\OneDrive\Desktop\animations from bio powerpoints\Chapter 08 BDOL IC

  4. Mitosis (process by which two daughter cells are formed, each with a complete set of chromosomes) • PMAT (stages of mitosis)

  5. https://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/07-how-dna-is-packaged-basic.html DNA Condensation Animation • Prophase • chromosomes become visible • sister chromatids attached by Centromere • Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrate • centrioles move to opposite poles of cell • The spindle apparatus forms

  6. Metaphase • Chromosomes line up down middle (equator) of cell.

  7. Anaphase • Centromeres split and sister chromatids separate and are pulled toward opposite poles of cell.

  8. Telophase • Chromatids reach opposite poles of cell • chromosomes unwind • spindle breaks down • nucleolus reappears • nuclear envelope reforms

  9. Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm • Animals: plasma membrane pinches in along equator • Plants: Cell Plate forms. • C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 08 BDOL IC

  10. Differentiation • Study the diagram and discuss. • How does this occur?

  11. Differentiation • Cells specialize by turning on (expressing)some genes but turning off others.

  12. 8.3 Control of the Cell Cycle • Normal Control of Cell Cycle • Enzymes control the cell cycle • Production of enzymes is controlled by genes (segments of DNA that control protein production) • Cancer: Mistake in the Cell Cycle!! • Mutations of genes that control the cell cycle • Uncontrolled cell growth • Tumors • Metastasis= spreading of cancer to other body parts. • 2nd leading cause of death in U.S. • Causes of cancer • Environmental factors (mutagens) • certain viruses • diet and exercise

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