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Michel Savy savy@enpc.fr professor, ENPC and University of Paris 12 director, OPSTE ( cnt.fr )

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Lectures on freight : contemporary economics and policy issues Structure and strategy of freight industry Michel Savy savy@enpc.fr professor, ENPC and University of Paris 12 director, OPSTE ( www.cnt.fr ) 1. Road transport

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Michel Savy savy@enpc.fr professor, ENPC and University of Paris 12 director, OPSTE ( cnt.fr )

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  1. Aristotle University of ThessalonikiLectures on freight : contemporary economicsand policy issuesStructure and strategyof freight industry Michel Savy savy@enpc.fr professor, ENPC and University of Paris 12 director, OPSTE ( www.cnt.fr )

  2. 1. Road transport

  3. Interest of the topics (road haulage) • Transport production is still strongly structured according to modes, intermodal transport is limited • Dominant position of road in inland freight transport in Europe • quantitative domination • sets reference price and quality of service for other solutions • The organisation of road haulage market is an example and gives proper keys to understand all other modes • industrial economics • transport, organisation, logistics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  4. 70,0 60,0 50,0 Rail 40,0 Road IWW 30,0 Pipeline 20,0 10,0 0,0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Modal split in Europe 1970-2004 (ECMT, 44 members, %, t.km) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  5. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Inland waterways 50% Rail Road 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% CY MT EL IE ES PT DK LU IT UK FR BE FI CZ DE NL AT SE HU PL SK SI LT EE LV EU 25 Differences in modal split, within EU 27 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  6. Structure of road haulage • Technical specialisations • local • interurban • vehicle renting with driver • removal • Economies of scale ? • limits in vehicles size • network effects, organisation ? • Interaction between firms within haulage industry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  7. Average size of road transport firms in European Union NB : firms and not groups Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  8. Road transport structure (4 criterion) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  9. Turnover per capita Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  10. Investment per capita Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  11. Subcontracting rate in turnover Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  12. Share of investments apart from transport equipment Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  13. 2. Inland freight organisation

  14. Division of labour • Inside road haulage, a division of labour • no dualism, "bipolarisation" • hierarchical interaction (integration of organisation, uneven profitability) • no gap between transport and freight organisation • Freight organisation • parcel service (!) • chartering • international transport organisation (freight-forwarding) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  15. Share of investments apart from transport equipment Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  16. Other criterion for classification • Statistic division only partly corresponds to actual market divisions • transhipment • type of product, size and packaging of consignment • served territory • quality of service, additional services • make or buy ? Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  17. The "rule" of 3.10n • n = 0, from 0 to 3 kg, courrier and small parcels • n = 1, parcel service up to 30 kg • n = 2, traditional parcel service (several parcels for one consignment) and heavy parcels, up to pallets (average 300 kg) • n = 3, bulking, 1 to 3 tons consignments • n = 4, full truck load, according to type of product and of packaging Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  18. From transport to logistics Transport and warehousing Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  19. Tendencies • Concentration • multi specialist groups setting up • multinational • following changes in production and distribution (flexibility) • tracking and tracing, IT • transport, logistics, supply chain • Bipolarisation Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  20. 3. Biggest transport groups

  21. Two types of transport: market (1) and organisation (2) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  22. Biggest transport groups in the world (2005) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  23. Acquisitions of Deutsche Post AG • DHL • Securicor (UK) • Trans-O-Flex (Germany)) • Ducros (France) • Danzas (Switzerland) • Nedloyd (Netherlands) • ASG (Sweden) • Air Express International (air freight-forwarding US) • Burlington (inland parcel service US) • Exel (which bought Tibbett and Britten) • BPD (Belgium) • TNT Netlog (Germany) • ITG (Germany) • GP Paketlogistik (Switzerland) • Guipuzcoana (Spain) • MIT (Italy) • Sevisco (Poland) • Quickstep (Austria, Switzerland, Tcshek Republic) • Van Gend & Loos (Benelux) • Sernadis, Arcatime (France) Technical and commercial integration (DHL) Staff : 500 000 Turnover : 55 G€ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  24. Biggest groups for post, transport, logistics (2003) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  25. Biggest 3PL (2004) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  26. Biggest freight-forwarders (2004) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  27. Biggest shipping companies, liners (2005) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  28. Port terminal operators in Europe Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  29. Biggest airline companies and airports (freight) Italiques : intégrateurs Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  30. Specialisation / versatility of groups Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  31. Late Hays portfolio of activities • parcel service • express parcel • transfer of funds • logistics • archiving • invoicing • equipment renting • organisation of fairs and exhibitions • staff recruitment • surveillance • real estate management • maintenance • systems of communication • services informatiques • software development • e-commerce • etc. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  32. Express: an unfinished globalisation CA 2003 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

  33. Perspectives • Situation is not stable • Heterogeneous situation in Europe, some firms and countries in dominating position • Geographic strategy, European market control, enlargement • Multimodal alliances, joint-ventures, fusions ? • Continental models (Europe – USA – Japan) • integrated groups • marketing coordination of means providing companies • Worldwide alliances, global players ? Aristotle University of Thessaloniki May 14th 2007

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