Catalysis: Concepts and Green Applications

1. Catalysis: Concepts and Green Applications Lecture slides for Chapter 1: Introduction to catalysis, green chemistry, and sustainable development. Most of the graphics here were drawn using PowerPoint and Chemdraw (version Ultra 9.0). Feel free to modify and/or add your own pyrotechnics. Please send any feedback to feedback@catalysisbook.org

2. The big picture Operational tools Practical approaches Green chemistry Catalysis Green engineering Waste management Strategic goal Sustainable development Industrial ecology Process intensification Renewable energy Monitoring tools Life-cycle assessment E-factor, atom economy

3. The drivers of green chemistry Economic benefit Lower capital investment Lower operating costs Societal pressure Government legislation Improved public image Less hazardous materials Safer and smaller plants Green chemistry High fines for waste Pollution control Producer responsibility

4. Oxidation of diphenylmethanol to benzophenone

5. Relative efficiency of various engine types 100 90 80 70 % Efficiency 50 Costs of obtaining hydrogen 50 40 30 20 10 Gas electric Diesel electric Micro-turbine Hydrogen fuel cell

6. The traditional propene oxide route

7. The SMPO process Catalytic oxidation of propene

8. The four stages of life-cycle assessment Life-cycle assessment Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Defining the scope Inventory analysis Impact analysis Improvement analysis

9. enzyme (biocatalyst) zeolite (crystalline aluminosilicate) Different types of catalysts copper-zinc crystallites on silica

10. Examples of chemo- and diastereoselectivity Regioselectivity Enantioselectivity

11. Base-catalysed transesterification of triglycerides

12. Figure 1.11

13. Figure 1.12

14. metal crystallite oxide support Figure 1.13

15. Zeolite Y Figure 1.14

16. Figure 1.15

17. E. coli cell H2 5000 KPa O2 900 KPa cis,cis-muconic acid conc. HNO3 Adipic acid Figure 1.16

18. Figure 1.17

19. Figure 1.18

20. Figure 1.19

21. AlCl3 NaOEt HF H3O+ Raney Nickel Pd Figure 1.20

22. Activity testing Mechanistic studies Synthesis tools Characterisation tools Modelling tools Spectroscopy Quantum mechanics Novel reactor concepts Surface science Molecular simulations Parallel screening Process intensification Microscopy Data mining Kinetic studies Process simulations Figure 1.21

23. substrates infrared flow cell pump substrate loop catalyst loop micromixer air loop waste catalysts air bubble substrate pulse mixed substrate/ catalyst pulse solvent reservoir Figure 1.22

24. Figure 1.23

25. Figure 1.24

26. Raw materials Carton paperboard Carton filling Aluminium foil Consumer Waste management LDPE Carton manufacturing Landfill disposal Figure 1.25

27. Figure 1.26

28. Figure 1.27