Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

1. Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

2. Chesapeake Colonies • Maryland • Virginia • Still considered part of the Southern Colonies

3. s.colonies • Southern Colonies • Indentured servants • Slaves to work the large plantations • Had fertile soil • Grew rice, tobacco and cotton • Bigger cities: Charleston, Savannah & Baltimore

5. CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/DatePerson ResponsibleWhy FoundedGoverned/Owner

6. Puritan emigration to New England came to a near-halt between 1649 and 1660, the years during which Oliver Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector of England. • During the Interregnum (literally “between kings”), Puritans had little motive to move to the New World.

7. For slightly over a decade, Cromwell ruled England as a republic, complete with a constitution. • Everything the Puritans wanted – freedom to practice their religion, as well as representation in the government – was available to them in England

8. The death of Cromwell (1658) robbed the Puritans of their most respected leader. • In 1660, the Stuarts were restored to the throne. • With the restoration of the Stuarts, many English Puritans again emigrated to the New World. • Not coincidentally, these emigrants brought with them the republican ideals of the revolution

9. After the English Civil War, the reign of Charles II was called the Restoration because it restored the English monarchy. • Charles repaid political favors by establishing proprietary colonies, or colonies owned by one person, who usually received the land as a gift from the king

10. Maryland was granted to Cecil Calvert (aka Lord Baltimore 2nd). • Calvert declared Maryland a haven of religious tolerance for all Christians, and it became the first major Catholic enclave in the New World

11. Lord Baltimore

12. Colonization of Maryland

13. CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/DatePerson ResponsibleWhy FoundedGoverned/Owner

14. The Carolinas • As a reward for helping him gain the throne, Charles II granted a huge tract of land between VA and Spanish Florida to 8 nobles in 1663

15. The Carolinas were also a proprietary colony, which ultimately split in two:

16. Settling South Carolina • Charles town was formed in 1670 • Settled by the descendants of Englishmen who had colonized Barbados. • Barbado’s primary export was sugar, and its plantations were worked by slaves. • Initially, the economy was based on trading furs and providing food for the West Indies • By the middle of the 18th century, large rice-growing plantations worked by African slaves created an economy and culture that resembled the West Indies

17. Although Carolina was geographically closer to the Chesapeake colonies, it was culturally closer to the West Indies in the seventeenth century since its early settlers—both blacks and whites—came from Barbados.

18. Democratic North Carolina • Settled by Virginians and developed into a Virginia-like colony • Farmers from VA and New England established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms • Region had few good harbors and poor transportation so there were fewer large plantations and less reliance on slavery • By the 18th century, the colony earned a reputation for democratic views and autonomy from British control

19. CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/DatePerson ResponsibleWhy FoundedGoverned/Owner

20. 5) Georgia • James Oglethorpe wanted debtors to have a new start in life instead of going to prison. • He and 20 other trustees received a charter to settle Georgia. • Georgia’s population included former debtors, impoverished British craftspeople, religious refugees from Germany and Switzerland. • By 1770 nearly half of the population was made of enslaved Africans.

21. Georgia – The Last Colony • A proprietary colony and the only colony to receive direct financial support from the home government in London • Set up for 2 reasons • Defensive buffer • Rid England’s overcrowded jails of debtors • Special Regulations • Absolute ban on drinking rum • Prohibition of slavery • Colony did not thrive because of the constant threat of Spanish attack • Taken over by the British government in 1752 when Oglethorpe and his group gave up • Bans on slavery and rum dropped • Colony grew slowly by adopting the plantation system of South Carolina