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Television

Television Communications 233 Economics Advertising Local, national spot, national network Taxes (reception fees) Government support Subscription Decoder costs Categorical VHF vs. UHF Public vs. private Network affiliate vs. independent Cable vs. terrestrial Direct vs. cable

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Television

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  1. Television Communications 233

  2. Economics • Advertising • Local, national spot, national network • Taxes (reception fees) • Government support • Subscription • Decoder costs

  3. Categorical • VHF vs. UHF • Public vs. private • Network affiliate vs. independent • Cable vs. terrestrial • Direct vs. cable

  4. Broadcast transmission • Microwave • Satellites • Wire transmission (cable) • Fiber optics • Direct Broadcast Satellites • Multichannel Distribution Service • Low-power TV

  5. Local vs. national • American broadcasting began as local radio stations • Later pulled together to form networks • Evolved into television networks

  6. Network affiliation • Local stations are generally affiliated with networks • Independents • Owned and Operated (O&O’s)

  7. Network affiliation • Produces content for local stations, who then get: • network advertising revenue • national spot advertising revenue • local advertising revenue

  8. Ownership of networks • NBC -- General Electric • CBS -- Westinghouse • ABC -- Disney • Fox -- Rupert Murdoch of News Corp. • WB -- Time Warner • UPN -- Viacom (Paramount) and Chris Craft/United

  9. Ownership patterns • Group ownership • Independently owned stations • Multiple system operators (cable) • Public TV stations

  10. Program development • Production companies • Syndication • Off-network programs • First-run syndication • Barter syndication

  11. Ratings • Households Using TV (HUT) • Rating (% of all households) • Share (% of HUT)

  12. Impact of TV on other media • Newspapers • Loss of evening papers • Loss of national advertising • Move toward visual design • Move toward interpretive reporting

  13. Impact of TV on other media • Movies • Demassification • Impact of TV and VCR on titles

  14. Impact of TV on other media • Recordings • Focus on music in terms how how it will show on MTV and similar channels • Radio • Demassification

  15. Impact of TV on other media • Magazines • Loss of national, undifferentiated advertising • Forced specialization

  16. Impact of TV on other media • Books • Change in use of discretionary time from reading to watching • Book manuscript as a screenplay and ultimately TV fare • Selection of authors in terms of their TV personalities

  17. Legal environment of broadcasting • Federal Communications Commission • Ownership of the airwaves • Content changes over time

  18. On the TV horizon • Digital television (high definition) • Growth in direct broadcast satellites • Expanded pay-per-view • Fragmenting audiences • Internet delivery

  19. Web site for digital TV • http://www.pbs.org/opb/crashcourse/ • http://www.digitaltelevision.com/ • http://www.howstuffworks.com/dtv.htm

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