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TELEVISION. What They Say About TV. “A vast wasteland.” Newton Minow “In this country, television is used primarily as a narcotic to prepare people for the commercial.” Mark Frost
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What They Say About TV • “A vast wasteland.” • Newton Minow • “In this country, television is used primarily as a narcotic to prepare people for the commercial.” • Mark Frost • “[TV] trivializes everything. So there’s no more mystery, we’ve seen it all 50,000 times. And in order to make the boring interesting, everything is hyped.” • David Chase
Before Television… • Radio begat TV • Telegraph • Wireless Telegraph
Before Television… • 1st Radio Broadcast
Before Television… • 1920 – • 1922 – • 1923 –
Before Television… • 1934 – Federal Communications Act • Federal Communication Commission (FCC)
Before Television… • 1935-50 • 1950s
Television • “The medium is the message” • Marshall McLuhan
Television • A medium where viewers make sense of it all • Performers in scale…
Television • Mix of 4 mediums: • A medium of personalities
History of Television • “Television” • Radio, TV share:
History of Television • 1920s
History of Television • 1927 – Philo T. Farnsworth
History of Television • 1928 • 1932 • 1936
History of Television • VHF • UHF
History of Television • 1941 – • First sets:
History of Television • 1946 • 1947 TV Sets
History of Television • 1948 • In most homes since mid 1950s
History of Television • 1950s • “Television Generation” • Advertising Revenue
Golden Ages • “Golden Age” I • “Golden Age” II • Affected all media
Color and Cable • 1960s – color introduced
TV Statistics • On average: • 1/3 of viewers zap
Television Ratings • Arbitron • Nielsen Media Research
Impact of Television • TV has immediate emotional impact on audience • Edutainment
Kennedy Nixon Debate • 1960 Presidential debates
Tobacco Advertising • 1972
War Coverage • News coverage
War Coverage • 1991 • 2003
News Programs • Gatekeeper • CNN • Typical newscast
Visual Design of News • What affects perception? • “Live”, amateur footage • “If it bleeds, it leads.” • Themes:
Fictional Programs • Programs moved from radio to TV
Fictional Programs • Fictional programs have: • Same experience as movies
Music Videos • Bridges sight and sound • Surrealism
Commercials • Primary function = generate response • Length
Commercials • Immediate involvement • Microdrama • Elements for analysis:
But What? • We feel TV should be something more - something better • no one is sure what, though
Next Time… • Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations: A Practical Experiment • Chapter 6