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4th Conference of the Regulating for Decent Work Network (RDW), ILO, Geneva. A Study on Commercial Truck Driver’s Vulnerability in India – Mitigations and Strategies for enrichment of Truck Driver’s lifestyle. BY
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4th Conference of the Regulating for Decent Work Network (RDW), ILO, Geneva A Study on Commercial Truck Driver’s Vulnerability in India – Mitigations and Strategies for enrichment of Truck Driver’s lifestyle BY Dr.P.Senthilkumar, Mahindra Research Valley, Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd, Chennai, India Mr.N.Rajkumar, Society for Educational and Entrepreneurship Development (SEED), Chennai, India # of Slides : 28 Date: July 10th, 2015
Overview of the Presentation • Broad understanding about Indian Trucking Industry – An Unorganized Sector. • Introduction about truck driver’s hurdles, lifestyle and habits. • Objectives and tools used for the survey • Survey findings and analysis • Hypothesis and inference on various factors which influences truck driver’s lifestyle • Strategies for mitigation to enrich the lifestyle of the truck driver’s • Conclusion with some significant happenings on female truck drivers.
Introduction • In the recent advancement of Technology in transportation engineering – the world is shrunk, in a nut shell where everything and anything can be reached in shorter turn around time. • There is hardly anything which reaches the general public with out involvement of transportation – Trucks & Truck Drivers have a major role to play in this segment. • With 6 Million truck drivers in India, the trucking industry represents a notable proportion of the labour force (2.5 %)
Introduction, Contd… • Survey was conducted at 4 locations in India. • Paper focuses on vulnerable jobs of the Indian Commercial truck drivers • Lifestyle of the truck drivers and factors which influence them are studied • Truck drivers are in to high mobility on major part of the day and they are away from their families
Indian Trucking Industry - Overview • There is a paucity of good infrastructure in India. • The Indian trucking sector contributes on average 8 lakhs vehicle per annum. • Tata Motors, Ashok Leyland and Eicher Motors are major domestic commercial vehicles. • Other players such as Daimler India Commercial Vehicles, Mahindra Trucks, Volvo Commercial Vehicles, Man Trucks, AMW, Force Motors are added to India’s Stable
Indian Trucking Industry – Overview, Contd … • Truck Drivers are subjected to strenuous long hours of tiresome job and the consequences are many. • Often drivers are forced to be behind the wheels for over 15 hours a day. • There is a stigma in the society towards truck drivers. While bus and taxi drivers command respect in the society, truck drivers do not. • In the past cleaners graduated to become drivers, today no one wants to become a cleaner either.
Indian Trucking Industry - Overview Production and Sales Trend Values are in Lacs * Source taken from SIAM
Objectives of the Survey • Identify the lifestyle of the truck driver’s and factors which influence them. • To formulate appropriate strategies for mitigation and enriching the lifestyle of the truck driver’s. The Main Objectives of this survey, Tools used for Collecting Data • Sample Size for this exercise is 106 Truck Drivers. • Specifically designed questionnaire considering the factors like personnel data, environmental factors, safety, awareness on sexually transmitted disease, government regulations • The survey was done using event sampling where the truck drivers were passing by the toll plazas, Near Ports etc • Chi-Square test and 2 Way ANOVA were used
Survey Findings • The sample size taken for this survey is 106 commercial truck drivers from 4 locations of India.. • The survey questionnaire was formulated in such a way to cover all aspects of the truck driver lifestyle which influences him in his day to day activity
Data Analysis • Observations are statistically tested to find out the association and significance between one factor and the other • Chi Square test and two way anova methods have been used • The Significance level considered in this analysis is α = 0.05. • Null hypothesis (H0) and Alternative hypothesis (H1) are predetermined for set of associations / treatments
Survey Analysis • between the age of the truck drivers and the ownership levels • between the age of the truck drivers and trucking range (Interstate/Intrastate) Co-relation between the following are observed as follows, • between recreational facilities and positive change in lifestyle of the truck drivers. • between accidents occurred and various levels of vehicle loading condition • between accidents occurred and alcohol consumption among truck drivers. • between age and multiple sexual behavioural affairs. • between age and awareness on AIDS.
Survey Analysis – Major Conclusions • Truck Drivers are twice as likely to acquire the HIV infection and also serve as a bridge population linking with the general population. • It is a necessary to address the truck driver’s vulnerabilities in order to enrich their lifestyle • Objectively it is evident that the truck drivers engage in high risk sexual behaviours making them vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases. • No proper road infrastructure, no better place to eat healthy food, poor highway safety, high risk sexual behaviour and STD, low salary and low end facilities in trucks • Government of India to take necessary measures to patrol these areas of high density bribe areas with vigilance department to control the harassment of the police. • To overcome the hurdles faced by these truck drivers, there should be more than one channel to get fused in order to facelift truck drivers as it is being done in nowadays automobiles for every three years to compete in the global competition. • When specified more than one channel, it can be government, commercial vehicle manufacturer and media as well.
Strategies for Mitigation • Strategies formulated to over come the hurdles and to uplift the lifestyle of the truck driver’s • Objective of this paper is not only to analyse , also suggest suitable strategies for enrichment of truck driver’s lifestyle. • Wellness Lessons and Social Networking • Creation of driver training institutes • Corporate Social Responsibilities • High end technology trucks • Truck Driver to an Entrepreneur
1 Strategies for Mitigation – Wellness Lessons and Social Networking • Wellness lessons from logistics organization - the perspective of creating a bottom line wellness program. • A Corporate Social Responsibility aspect in order to improve the well-being of truck drivers. • Creating social networking health outreach program for truck drivers. • It is anticipated that this effort will result in greater acceptance as well as foster mutual support within the truck driver community.
2 Strategies for Mitigation – Creation of Driver Training Institutes • Commercial Truck Manufacturers to adopt truck drivers through creation / development of driver training institutes and giving them job with substantial salary • To Create Centres of Excellence, where the philosophy is to prepare drivers for life – both on and off the road. • Training to cover all aspects of driving and road management • To promote a holistic approach to health, stress control and overall well-being. • Skills such as safe driving, fuel conservation, repairs and maintenance to be taught. • The importance of good health to be stressed, with special emphasis on prevention of HIV – the most prevalent disease among truckers • Migration from an unorganized sector to an organized sector. Fewer accidents, lower operational costs and a happy workforce who are an asset to the organization. • The result?
3 Strategies for Mitigation – Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has to be taken up by each truck manufacturing company to come forward and set up recreational facilities. • Facilities like Resting area, sports, Safety Lockers and hygienic medical centres for any emergency. • Set up Intermediate truck lay by bays for every 100 kms - Short time resting during peak hours of fatigue and stress (Especially in the early morning where maximum accidents occur due to drowsiness • During the survey the above aspects were vouched by most of the truck drivers.
4 Strategies for Mitigation – High End Technology Trucks • Indian trucking sector is not much focussing on the high end technologies in the commercial vehicles when compared to eastern countries • High End Facilities is one of the important aspects which is going to address improved ergonomics and comfort for driver in Indian driving condition • Driver’s comfort is not even a factor in existing Indian trucks and this affects the psychological and behavioural pattern of Indian drivers • There is a major responsibility or need from the commercial vehicle manufactures to adopt high end technology considering ergonomics and comfort for existing driving conditions in India • Some of the mandate high end features are AMT, AC cabins, 4 point suspended cabin needs to be implemented • This migration to high end technology solutions are very much prevalent in western and European countries and truck manufacturers in India has to adopt these technologies to reduce the fatigue and this may result in improved healthy life
5 Strategies for Mitigation – Truck Driver to an Entrepreneur • LOGIC - Logistics operator hire a truck driver and gives him a target for fuel consumption and operational cost per day and he is directed to spend with in the specified limit including the maintenance aspect • A New Initiative where few logistics owners have now developed this concept • End of the fifth year the truck which the driver had maintained becomes the owner of the vehicle by giving a very meagre depreciation amount compared less than the market rate • These limitations constraints the truck driver not to incline to any high risk sex behaviours and reduces drug consumption • He saves the money for the maintenance of the truck with the ambition of owning a truck • This strategy ensures truck driver retention and finally the truck driver owns a truck
Conclusion • It is purely evident from the findings - Truckers tire themselves for hours and to de-stress them they are involved in multiple sexual affairs and to de-fatiguethem they consume drugs and alcohol • Truck Driver’s are the lifeline of India but seen by the public as migrators of sexually transmitted diseases. • Commercial vehicle manufacturer as part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have to engage the truck driver’s enrichment in all aspects for their well being. • Findings reveal that accidents occur significantly - To overcome this, government of India should come up with measures to improve the road infrastructure. • Vehicle manufacturers to benchmark global manufacturers to migrate to modern high end trucks with bear minimum AC cabins to reduce the fatigue of the truck drivers. • The strategiesmentioned - Drive a positive change in the truck drivers community in future. • Positive Change – Truck Driver’s to be viewed by the public with respect and dignity • As Individual, we also have Self Social Responsibility (SSR) to bring awareness on well being to the truck driver’s in way or other with in our specified boundary……………..
Questions ??? Thank You !!!
