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Exploring Physical Media for Data Transmission

Understand the various physical media such as twisted-pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic used to carry signals. Learn about their characteristics, advantages, and applications in data transmission technologies.

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Exploring Physical Media for Data Transmission

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  1. Physical Media Now that we’ve been over how to encode data as signals, what are the physical media that carry these signals?

  2. Guided media • Twisted-pair: Standard phone cable • Two insulated wires wrapped around each other • One carries the signal; the other is a ground reference • Twisting reduces the effects of noise and crosstalk • Used for phone lines, T1, etc.

  3. Coaxial cable • Carries higher frequencies than twisted pair • Consists of an inner wire that carries the signal and an outer sheath that serves as the ground reference. • Used in cable TV, ethernet

  4. Fiber optic • Glass or plastic core surrounded by a cladding. • Difference in density between core and cladding allows light to bounce its way down the cable. • Different fibers can support different transmission modes: • Multimode: Multiple beams of light traveling different paths. • Single-mode: Uses a single beam projected as close to horizontally as possible. • Very high bandwidth and very low attenuation.

  5. Unguided media

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