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Realizing the Promise of Regenerative Medicine: Growing Tissues and Organs for Transplantation

Explore the field of regenerative medicine, combining principles from various sciences to develop innovative technologies for repairing and restoring diseased cells, tissues, and organs. Learn about biofabrication and bioprinting techniques, including the engineering of a functional vascular tree for creating complex tissues and organs.

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Realizing the Promise of Regenerative Medicine: Growing Tissues and Organs for Transplantation

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  1. Realizing the Promise of Regenerative Medicine:Growing Tissues and Organs for Transplantation Richard E. Swaja Director – SC Bioengineering Alliance Director – Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering SC COEE Endowed Chair in Regenerative Medicine – MUSC Conference on Resolving the Shortage of Organs for Transplantation November 20, 2009

  2. Regenerative Medicine –Tissue Engineering • Definition – Combining principles and methods from the physical and engineering sciences, medicine, and biology to exploit living cells for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. • Goal - Develop innovative technologies and approaches that will enable repair, replacement, or restoration of diseased cells, tissues, and organs. • The Field – Biochemistry, Biology, Biomaterials, Biomechanics, Computer Science, Engineering, Imaging, Informatics, Medicine, and Physics

  3. The Promise • Diagnostic – Grow tissues in vitro for testing drug metabolism, uptake, toxicity, and pathogenicity. • Therapeutic– Grow tissues and organs in vivo or in vitro for transplantation. • Vision – Industrial-type production of functional complex tissues and organs for biomedical applications.

  4. Creating Bioartificial Complex Tissues and Organs - Biofabrication Bioprinting – Basis for fabrication - Computer-aided, layered deposition of materials (hydrogel) and living (stem) cells - Different from classic solid scaffold followed by cell seeding in bioreactor – One step compared to two - More amenable to complex tissues and organs and vascularization

  5. BioPrinting Using “BioInk” BioInk = Aggregates of stem cells + hydrogel (morphogens)

  6. Stem Cells Derived from Fat Tissue

  7. Induced Pluripotent (iPS) Cells Transfect 3 genes 7 Expand to 10 ADULT HUMAN SKIN CELLS

  8. Currently Available Industrial Bioprinters

  9. Creating Bioartificial Complex Tissues and Organs – Vascularization Engineering a branched human vascular tree - “The” problem with creating 3D living tissues more than 4 cell layers thick - Limits tissue engineering benefits to avascular structures (cartilage and cardiac valves)

  10. The future of tissue and organ biofabrication depends on engineering a functional vascular tree Break 4 cell barrier

  11. The South Carolina Project:Engineering a Vascular Tree

  12. Roadmap & Timeline 2003 2009 2020

  13. Biofabrication – Plus and Minus • Organs generated using patient’s stem cells – no host rejection issues. • Organs can be tailored to patient’s specific characteristics. • Capable of industrial-type production. • It’s a big endeavor and it is going to take some time, but it will be worth the effort.

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