A Historical Chronology: Evolution

1. A Historical Chronology: Evolution A Brief History of the Idea of Evolution

2. Copernicus proposes that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the solar system (shows that: 1543

3. Copernicus proposes that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the solar system shows that: Changes can occur in theories given proper scientific evidence

4. Theories & ideas disproven over time: Earth is the center of our solar system Flat Earth Hypothesis All substances made of earth, air, fire, & water Canals on Mars (& Martians?)

5. 1640’s John Lightfoot uses Biblical evidence to calculate that God created the world in 3928 BC

6. 1650’s Archbishop James Ussher argues for October 22, 4004 BC

7. Ussher’s Annals of the World (God creating heaven & earth in 4004 BC)

8. 1701 Bishop Lloyd inserts the date of 4004 BC in the margin of the first page of the Book of Genesis in a new edition of the Bible

9. For your notes: These 3 (Lightfoot, Ussher, & Lloyd) are: Biblical Scholars (Protestant Theologians) who see the Bible as a book of facts

10. 1758 • Linnaeus publishes the 10th edition of SYSTEMA NATURAE in which he classifies humans,monkeys, apes, lemurs, and bats as “Primates” and first uses the formal taxonomic name Homo sapiens to refer to humans

11. Ideas prevalent prior to 1800’s: A. World was divinely created

12. Ideas prevalent prior to 1800’s: World was divinely created World is very young

13. Ideas prevalent prior to 1800’s: World was divinely created World is very young All species created at the same time

14. Ideas prevalent prior to 1800’s: World was divinely created World is very young All species created at the same time The world & creatures were static (unchanging)

15. 1795 • James Hutton publishes The Theory of The Earthin which he proposes that the appearanceof the earth is the result of millions of years of natural processes at work

16. Hutton was a geologist - influenced by geologic forces like: erosion, sedimentation, volcanoes, earthquakes

17. The White Cliffs of Dover

18. 1809 • Jean Baptist Lamarck argues that acquired characteristics can be passed from parent to offspring (evolutionist) • Ex. Giraffes

19. 1830 • Charles Lyell publishes the first volume of his Principles of Geology in which he endorses Hutton’s idea about an extremely ancient earth shaped by natural processes (Uniformitarianism)

20. These two geologists begin the development of two key ideas: DEEP TIME The Earth is really old DEEP CHANGE The has changed a lot over this time

21. 1831 • Charles Darwin begins a five year voyage aboard the HMS Beagle

22. 1831 • Know this: Darwin was born Feb. 12, 1809 – exact same day & year as:

23. Abe Lincoln

24. 1838 • Darwin reads “An Essay on the Principle of Population” (1798 – Thomas Malthus) anduses it to begin formulating his idea of biological evolution 1858 • Darwin receives a letter from Alfred Wallace that contains the same idea of how evolutioncould take place (natural selection) (same idea that Darwin has been working on for 20 years!)

25. Thomas Malthus Alfred Wallace

26. 1859 • The first edition of On The Origin of Species is published by Charles Darwin

27. 1865 • Gregor Mendel publishes the results of his research into the hereditary process (but neitherDarwin nor anyone else reads it)

28. 1871 • Darwin publishes • The Descent of Man A discussion of human evolution

29. 1882 Charles Darwin dies Westminster Abbey