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The ADHD Toolkit. SECTION 2 The school setting. Systematic classroom observation (1) Fixed interval sampling (FIS). Target student only is observed Recordings are made of predominant behaviour at 15 second intervals Provides data on frequency and duration of behaviour
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The ADHD Toolkit SECTION 2 The school setting
Systematic classroom observation(1) Fixed interval sampling (FIS) • Target student only is observed • Recordings are made of predominant behaviour at 15 second intervals • Provides data on frequency and duration of behaviour • Can be used in any settingfor lessons of varying lengths
Systematic classroom observation(2) Instantaneous time sampling (ITS) • Target student and non-ADHD comparison are observed • ‘Snapshot’ of behaviour recorded at 30-second intervals • Used over a ten-minute period (20 observations), or three periods in different parts of a lesson
General classroom strategies Refer to checklists in Chapter 6 for: • Inattention: • Classroom layout • Sustaining attention • Time management and organisation • Hyperactivity • Impulsiveness
Behaviour management strategies • Rules – consistent, positive, clearly displayed • Involve pupils in deciding rewards and sanctions • Remain calm, do not shout • Model appropriate behaviour at all times • Rewards – value good behaviour with rewards • Reprimands – short and given at time of incident • Interventions – time-out, ignore-rules-praise, token economies, behavioural contracts • Positive behaviour-related comments to be made 4 times as often as negative comments
Associated difficulties • Cognitive difficulties • Affective difficulties: • Emotional immaturity • Social relationships • Self-esteem • Other difficulties