THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

1. THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

2. EUROPE EXPLORES THE WORLD

3. In the 1400s, trade, religion, and curiosity led to a new era of exploration.

5. ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY • Sailors now had instruments such as the astrolabe and the compass to find new routes. • More accurate maps allowed sailors to travel on the open sea and not having to follow the coast. • Shipbuilding made new ships with better sails and better steering.

8. EXPLORING THE WORLD • 1400s: • England and France were fighting each other • Spain was still fighting Muslims • Portugal began to explore first!

9. PORTUGUAL

10. EXPLORERS

11. PORTUGUAL • Henry the Navigator: • prince of Portugal • set up a research center and invited sailors, cartographers, and shipbuilders to come and help him explore the world.

12. PORTUGUAL • Portuguese in Africa: • In 1420, began trading with African kingdoms • discovered sugarcane • began bringing African slaves to work the sugarcane fields

13. PORTUGUAL

14. PORTUGUAL • Bartolomeu Dias: • 1488 – reached the southern tip of Africa • Vasco da Gama: • 1497- rounded the tip of Africa and landed on India’s coast • a water route to East India had been found

15. Bartolomeu Dias

16. Vasco da Gama The first European to open a sea-based trade route to India

17. SPAIN • Christopher Columbus: • Italian navigator • wanted to find route to Asia going across the Atlantic • needed someone to finance (pay) for the trip • turned down by Portugal, France, and England

18. SPAIN • Christopher Columbus: • Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain said yes • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raPLzhzxAeU • he outfitted three ships: • Santa Maria • Nina • Pinta

19. SPAIN • Christopher Columbus: • In 1492, he reached San Salvador (island near Cuba) • claimed the land for Spain • he thought he was in Asia • he never realized he had reached the Americas • made four trips to the Americas

21. SPAIN • Ferdinand Magellan: • 1520 – he sailed completely around the world • sailed south along South America • crossed the Straight of Magellan • and entered a peaceful sea • named it the Pacific Ocean • headed west

22. SPAIN • Ferdinand Magellan: • his sailors nearly starved • lived off leather, sawdust, and rats • four months later, they reached the Philippines • he was killed by locals, but his crew went on • around Africa and back to Spain

24. Magellan’s Ships: Trinidad, the San Antonio, the Conception, the Victoria and the Santiago LupaLupa

26. ENGLAND • John Cabot: • 1497 – searched for a northern route to Asia across the Atlantic • Found Newfoundland • headed south along coast of Canada • he never found a path • disappeared on his second trip

27. John Cabot

28. FRANCE • Jacques Cartier: • sailed past Newfoundland • entered the St. Lawrence River

31. EUROPEAN EXPLORERS

32. Columbus Discovered America? • Leif Ericson: • born in Iceland around 975 • sailed to Newfoundland in 1002, almost 500 years before Columbus

33. The Spanish controlled the gold and silver from the former Aztec and Inca empires. An English sailor named Francis Drake began stealing gold and silver from the Spanish ships.

34. The Spanish were angry with the English and sent 130 ships, known as the Spanish Armada, to attack England. However, the English ships were faster and had better weapons. They were able to defeat the Spanish and destroy their fleet. This weakened the Spanish Empire and allowed England to gain power.

35. A New European Worldview The explorations brought new knowledge and geography and proved that some old beliefs were wrong. Improved mapmaking, or cartography, showed new lands and new possible trade routes.

36. A New European Worldview New trade routes gave new opportunities for wealth and resources. Europeans could now spread their influence around the world.