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E l N ino La nina & The S outhern O scillation

E l N ino La nina & The S outhern O scillation. ENSO. by ROBERT PERRY. DISCLAIMER: The images, maps and diagrams in this presentation were taken from the public domain on the world wide web. Any privately owned images not available for this non- commercial, educational

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E l N ino La nina & The S outhern O scillation

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  1. El Nino La nina & The Southern Oscillation ENSO by ROBERT PERRY

  2. DISCLAIMER: The images, maps and diagrams in this presentation were taken from the public domain on the world wide web. Any privately owned images not available for this non- commercial, educational project will gladly be removed. E-mail: zalophus@UCLA.edu

  3. PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY, NEAR MALIBU CALIFORNIA.

  4. El Nino WHEN SEVERE RAIN AND OCEAN DISTURBANCES PERIODICALLY HIT THE COAST OF PERU MOST DRAMATICALLY IN LATE DECEMBER, COINCIDING WITH CHRISTMAS, THE EVENT BECAME KNOWN AS EL NINO, WHICH MEANS “THE CHRIST CHILD.”

  5. PREVAILING SURFACE CURRENTS IN THE TROPICAL EAST PACIFIC REGION

  6. MEASURING AND PREDICTING El Nino, La Nina and The Southern Oscillation 1. BUOY DATA

  7. The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Project

  8. ARGOS satellite Moored buoy

  9. HOT POOL COLD TONGUE

  10. HOT POOL COLD TONGUE NORMAL UPWELLING “NORMAL” CONDITIONS

  11. HOT POOL SHIFTS EAST NO COLD TONGUE

  12. HOT POOL SHIFTS EAST NO COLD TONGUE NO UPWELLING EL NINO CONDITIONS

  13. HOT POOL SHIFTS WEST EXTENDED COLD TONGUE

  14. HOT POOL SHIFTS WEST EXTENDED COLD TONGUE HUGE UPWELLING LA NINA CONDITIONS

  15. SST’s (OC)

  16. ENSO LINKING ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN

  17. Storms move westward South America Australia STRONG UPWELLING

  18. Walker circulation South America Australia Region of Upwelling

  19. Storms move eastward South America Australia Upwelling suppressed

  20. BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE of UPWELLING

  21. Normal Trade Winds cause Causes cold tongue to extend west Deep, cold & nutrient rich waters NORMAL CONDITIONS SUPPORT COASTAL UPWELLING.

  22. SUNLIGHT PHOTIC ZONE ONLY UPWELLING CAN RETURN THE FERTILIZING NUTRIENTS TO THE PHOTIC ZONE NORMAL CONDITIONS SUPPORT COASTAL UPWELLING.

  23. EL NINO SUPRESSES COASTAL UPWELLING, REDUCES NUTRIENTS & CAUSES SURFACE POPULATIONS TO DISAPPEAR.

  24. MEASURING AND PREDICTING ENSO USING SATELLITE DATA 2. TOPEX /Poseidon

  25. Birth of the 1997 El Nino

  26. El Nino ~

  27. La nina ~

  28. ~ El Nino

  29. ~ La Nina

  30. ~ Jan. 1997 - El Nino is coming ! A= normal cold water upwelling off Peru. B= Kelvin wave of hot water moving to the East.

  31. ~ Sept. 1997 - El Nino conditions !

  32. ~ May 1998 - La Nina is coming !

  33. (0-10S)(90W-80W) Southern hemisphere: Equatorial S. American coast. (5N-5S)(150W-90W) Equator: mid-Pacific to S. American coast. (5N-5S)(160E-150W) Equator: Australia to mid-Pacific. (5N-5S)(170-120W) Equator: western Pacific to mid-Pacific.

  34. cold phase 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1954 1955 1956 1964 1967 1970 1971 1973 1975 1988 1999 neutral phase 1944 1950 1952 1953 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1966 1968 1974 1977 1978 1979 warm phase 1951 1957 1963 1965 1969 1972 1976 1982 1986 1987 1991 1997 1980 1981 1983 1984 1985 1989 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

  35. THE EFFECTS OF EL NINO

  36. Normal Rainfall ~ El Nino Rainfall

  37. Tree Ring Growth

  38. EN EN Approximately 25% of the 23,000 pups born in June 1997 at San Miguel Island died.

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