LSP_MAIN

1. LSP_MAIN Language Structure Practice Introduction Activity Main Teaching Points Practice Practice I Practice II Practice III Practice IV Practice V

2. LSP1_1 Language Structures Introduction Activity listen and repeat 1. It as the introductory subject for an infinitive, e.g.: 1) It’s difficult to remember words in isolation. 2) It’s terrifying to hear a knock on the window at midnight. 3) It was impossible to guess where they had gone. 4) It’s hard to decide what is the best thing to do. 5) It makes me angry to hear you talk like that.

3. LSP1_2 Language Structures Introduction Activity 2. It as the introductory subject for an -ing participle, e.g.: 1) It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 2) It’s not much fun picking up broken glass. 3) It’s enjoyable sitting in the sun. 4) It’s very annoying waiting for buses that don’t appear. 5) It’s very embarrassing speaking before an audience for the first time.

4. LSP1_3 Language Structures Introduction Activity 3. It as the introductory subject for a nominal clause, e.g.: 1) It’s a pity that you missed the concert. 2) It annoyed Professor Wang that people should have such odd ideas. 3) It’s a fact that she is not well at all. 4) It’s very strange that the twins died at the same time. 5) I was late last time. It seemed my watch didn’t keep good time. 6) I missed seeing my aunt last Sunday. It just happened that she was sent to hospital.

5. LSP1_4 Language Structures Introduction Activity 3. It as the introductory subject for a nominal clause, e.g.: 7) Linda made several mistakes in her last Chinese exam. It doesn’t matter what mistakes she made. She has passed the exam.

6. LSP2_1 Language Structures Main Teaching Points Make up a sentence introduced by it according to the following cues: 1. I was late for the class this morning. My watch was ten minutes late. It seems that my watch didn’t keep good time. 2. We called Sue at ten o’clock. By accident, she was out at that time. It happened that Sue was out when we called her. Sue happened to be out when we called her.

7. LSP2_2 Language Structures Main Teaching Points 3. Roger made several mistakes in his mid-term exam. Whatever mistakes he made, he has passed that exam. It doesn’t matter what mistakes he made, since he passed that exam. 4. She, by chance, met him three times in three different places on the same day. She felt strange. It is very strange that she met him three times in three different places on the same day. 5. Some students try to remember words in isolation. They find it very difficult to succeed. It is difficult to remember words in isolation.

8. LSP2_3 Language Structures Main Teaching Points 6. He heard a knock on the window at midnight. He was terrified. It was terrifying to hear a knock on the window at midnight. 7. Don’t cry over split. milk, for it is no use. It is no use crying over split. milk. 8. We enjoy sitting in the sun. It is enjoyable sitting in the sun.

9. LSP2_4 Language Structures Main Teaching Points The nominal clause used as 1. the subject, introduced by It seems that 2. the subject, introduced by It happens that 3. the subject, introduced by It doesn’t matter + wh-word 4. the object, in the It all depends on + wh-word pattern 5. the postponed object in the introductory it construction

10. LSP2_5 Language Structures Main Teaching Points It seemed that everything went wrong this morning. It just happened that he was out of town. It doesn’t matter how he did it. It all depends on whether it will be fine or not. I find it odd that you should set the clock one hour ahead in summer.

11. LSP3_1 Practice Practice I Directions: Listen to the recording and complete the dialogues. Then make similar dialogues with your partner by using the cues. A: Why are you late this morning? B: I’m sorry to be late but I just couldn’t help it. // I’m very / terribly / awfully sorry that I’m late, but I just couldn’t help it. / I’d like to apologize for being late, but I ... / I really must apologize for being late, but I ... / Please forgive me for being late, but I ... ■

12. LSP3_1 Practice Practice I A: You couldn’t help it? What do you mean? Well, the alarm clock didn’t work, no water came out of the tap, and the gas cooker failed to light. B: It seemed that everything went wrong this morning. ■

13. LSP3_2 Practice Practice I 【Cues of Practice I】 1. I’m sorry to be late this morning but I couldn’t help it, because everything seemed to have gone wrong. 2. I’m sorry the secret has leaked out but I couldn’t help it, because someone seemed to have misplaced the document. 3. I’m sorry to have been absent from the last monthly meeting but I couldn’t help it, because I seemed not to have been notified. 4. I’m sorry not to be working but I couldn’t help it, because nobody seemed to know what I should do next. 5. I’m sorry not to be able to solve the problem but I couldn’t help it, because there seemed to be a snag in it somewhere.

14. LSP3_3 Practice Practice II A: Did you meet Larry as you had expected? B: No, I didn’t. A: Wasn’t he at home? B: No. It just happened that he was out of town.

15. LSP3_4 Practice Practice II 【Cues of Practice II】 1. I didn’t meet Larry as I had expected. He happened to be out of town. 2. Joan didn’t go to the opera. She happens not to like operas. 3. Jack didn’t get his Polaroid camera the other day. He happened not to have enough cash on him, nor did he have his credit card with him. 4. I didn’t get what I wanted from the safe. I happened to have left the key at home. 5. I didn’t get a pair of sports shoes from the shoeshop. They happened not to have those shoes in stock.

16. LSP3_5 Practice Practice III A: Has he done the computer programme for our project? B: Yes, he has, although I’m not sure how he did it. It doesn’t matter how he did it. // I don’t mind / care how he did it. / It’s all the same to me. A: The important thing is whether the programme has been done. B: I’m sure it’s been done.

17. LSP3_6 Practice Practice III 【Cues of Practice III】 1. He has done the computer programme for our project, although I’m not sure how he did it. 2. The air-conditioner has been installed, although I’m not sure how much the electricity bill will amount to. 3. He has drafted the plan for our teaching reform, although I’m not sure what everybody thinks about it. 4. The room has been renovated, although I’m not sure whether everybody likes it.

18. LSP3_7 Practice Practice IV A: Do you think the picnic will be a success? B: Oh, I’m not sure. A: Why not? B: It all depends on whether it will be fine or not on Sunday.

19. LSP3_8 Practice Practice IV 【Cues of Practice IV】 1. Whether the picnic will be a success or not depends on whether it will be fine or not on Sunday. 2. Whether or not the speech will be well received depends on who the speaker is. 3. Whether everyone will agree to have the gym renovated or not depends on how much it costs. 4. Whether or not they’ll all enjoy their summer holidays depends on where they are going.

20. LSP3_9 Practice Practice V Wanda: Do you have daylight saving time every summer, Bob? Bob: Yes, of course. Why do you ask? Wanda: I find it odd that you should set the clock one hour ahead in summer. Bob: But I think it’s quite reasonable to do that.

21. LSP3_10 Practice Practice V 【Cues of Practice V】 1. To Wanda, it’s odd to have daylight saving time in England, but Bob thinks it’s quite reasonable to do that. 2. To Wang, it’s unusual to drink tea with sugar and milk, but Bob thinks it’s normal to drink tea sweet. 3. To Li, it’s most annoying to see so many people jumping the queue when the bus arrives. Zhang thinks it is wrong to do that, too. 4. To Pan, it’s encouraging to see lots of young people queuing up before the public libraries on Sundays. Lu thinks it is most heartening to see them so eager to read and study.

22. LSP3_11 Practice Practice V 【Cues of Practice V】 5. To Li, it is uncommon to have very long days and very short nights in summer in the northeast, but Zhou, who is a northerner, thinks it’s natural to have it that way. 6. To Zhang, a student from Shanghai, it is terrible to eat snakes, but Lin, who is from some other city, thinks it is a delight to eat it.

23. LSP1_leak out leak out:phr v. If secret information leaks out, a lot of people find out about it. e.g.: No sooner had the news leaked out than my mobile phone started ringing.

24. LSP1_misplace misplace:v. to lose something for a short time by putting it in the wrong place e.g.: I seemed to have misplaced my glasses.

25. LSP1_be absent from be absent from: not at work, school, a meeting etc., because you are sick or decide not to go e.g.: Naughty boys are often absent from school.

26. LSP1_notify notify:v. to formally or officially tell someone about something e.g.: You will be notified of the news sooner or later.

27. LSP1_snag snag:n. a small unexpected difficulty e.g.: The only snag of our plan is, we don’t have enough money.

28. LSP1_amount to amount to: to make a total of a particular amount e.g.: Her telephone bill amounts to 300 yuan per month.

29. LSP1_draft draft:v. to write a plan, letter, report etc. that will need to be changed before it is in its finished form e.g.: Kevin’s busy drafting his speech for the contest.

30. LSP1_renovate renovate:v. to repair a building or old furniture so that it is in good condition again e.g.: The museum has been renovated.

31. LSP1_daylight saving time daylight saving time: the time during the summer when clocks are one hour ahead of standard time

32. LSP1_queue up queue up: to form or join in a line of people or vehicles waiting to do something or go somewhere [= line up AmE] e.g.: Some people are queuing up for the movie tickets.

33. LSP1_heartening heartening:adj. cheering and encouraging

34. Dialogue_MAIN Dialogue I Dialogue Conversational Tips Oral Practice Role Play Dialogue II Phrases, Sentences and Expressions Dialogue

35. Dialogues1_1 Dialogue I Dialogue The Young and the Old A: B: A: B: Isn’t it Luo Wei? You’ve certainly changed beyond recognition! Hi, Li Xia, you’ve grown from a tomboy into a graceful lady! It was ten years ago that we first went to school together, wasn’t it? I think it incredible that the well-groomed young man before me should have been the number one mischief-maker in the class. How time flies!

36. Dialogues1_2 Dialogue I Dialogue A: B: A: B: I’m really surprised at how time changes people for the better, including you. Ha! Don’t be so sure of that. Time can bring aches and pains, too. It all depends on whether you grow from adolescence into adulthood or from adulthood into old age. From adulthood into old age. That’ll be terrible, won’t it? I simply can’t imagine what it’ll be like to grow old. Perhaps you’ll be regarded as a burden to your children and the society forty years from now. Who knows?

37. Dialogues1_3 Dialogue I Dialogue A: B: A: Don’t be so pessimistic. I don’t suppose people here will let that happen. But now and then there are cases of senior citizens being neglected or maltreated by their children. Recently there was a news report about an old man who’d been badly treated since retirement. The local people couldn’t bear to see the old man suffer so much, and it was his neighbors who came to his rescue. I read about that, too. It was justoutrageousthathis children should have refused to take care of him.

38. Dialogues1_4 Dialogue I Dialogue B: A: B: They ought to be brought to trial at the people’s moral court and be punished in some way. Anyway, they’ve been condemned by public opinion. I hope they have come to their senses. Who knows whether or not I’ll suffer the same fate as that poor old man! At the thought that one day I’ll be too old to take care of myself, I can’t help feeling disheartened.

39. Dialogues1_5 Dialogue I Dialogue A: B: We shouldn’t think in that way actually. Everybody ages. Old age’s nobody’s fault. As we grow physically older, we need to keep ourselves psychologically young, and to contribute our experience and mature judgment to society. I suppose you are right. I’ll make myself useful to the community with my knowledge. I can’t imagine myself doing nothing all day long. I don’t mind what I do, but I need to be doing something useful. I’ll pursue further education to keep my knowledge updated and my brain healthy.

40. Dialogues1_6 Dialogue I Dialogue A: B: I’m sure colleges and universities will have departments offering courses especially tailoredto meet the needs of senior citizens. As a matter of fact, in a few places, they’ve already started giving courses in collecting, painting, calligraphy, things like that. Yes, I’ve also heard there are places where old people have their own clubs and associations, such as the shadow boxing society and slow dancing clubs.

41. Dialogues1_7 Dialogue I Dialogue A: So we don’t have to worry about life in old age. I’m quite sure that by the time we retire, we’ll live a rich and full life. As we’ll be able to afford more time, we’ll even travel around the world.

42. Tip1 Dialogue I Conversational Tips The following are conversational tips related to this dialogue. Get yourself familiar with them, as they are helpful for you in verbal communication. 1. Expressing surprise I think it incredible that the well-groomed young man before me should have been the number one mischief-maker in the class. I’m really surprised at how time changes people for the better. It is unbelievable… I can’t believe …! ● ● ● ●

43. Tip2 Dialogue I Conversational Tips 2. Expressing what you think of or believe I don’t suppose people here will let that happen. I suppose you are right. I’m quite sure that by the time we retire, we’ll live a rich and full life. ● ● ●

44. LSP1_1 Dialogue I Oral Practice 1. Expressing surprise a. a item of news says a 14-year-old boy is admitted by the university. I think it incredible that such a young boy could’ve been so smart! b. having dinner with a good friend I’m really surprised at your good appetite today! (Eating so much!) c. finding the secret leaked out I can’t believe you told her!

45. Tip2 Dialogue I Oral Practice 2. Expressing what you think of or believe a. before the exam “I don’t suppose you will cheat in the examination,” said the teacher. b. “I heard that Chinese government has passed a law to restrict the use of plastic bags.” “I suppose you are right.” c. before the Beijing Olympics I’m quite sure that the Beijing Olympics will be a great success!

46. Dialogue_Words 1_grow into grow (from…) into:phr. v. to develop over time and become a particular kind of person or thing. e.g.: Susan grew from a tomboy into a lovely young lady.

47. Dialogue_Words 1_well groomed well-groomed:adj. Someone who is well-groomed looks very neat and clean.

48. Dialogue_Words 1_for the better for the better: in a way that improves the situation e.g.: Let’s hope that things will soon change for the better.

49. Dialogue_Words 1_adolescence adolescence:n. the time, usually between the ages of 12 and 18, when a young person is developing into an adult

50. Dialogue_Words 1_adulthood adulthood: n. the time when you are an adult